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Chapter 12: The Blood

Terms in this set (68)

3 Functions of the blood
1. transportation of gases, nutrients, waste and hormones 2. regulation of pH, fluid balance and heat 3. protection from disease and blood loss
Constituents of plasma
erythrocytes; water; proteins; nutrients; electrolytes
erythrocyte
a red blood cell
platelet
another name for thrombocyte
albumin
the most abundant protein(s) in plasma
plasma
the liquid portion of blood, including clotting factors
leukocyte
a white blood cell
antibodies
a group of enzymes that participate in immunity
serum
the liquid portion of blood, without clotting factors
hemoglobin
the protein that fills red blood cells
complement
nonenzyme blood proteins that participate in immunity
neutrophil
the most abundant type of white blood cell in whole blood
macrophage
a tissue cell that develops from monocyctes
plasma cell
a lymphocyte that produces antibodies
eosinophil
a leukocyte that stains with acidic dyes
monocyte
the largest blood leukocyte
pus
a substance that often accumulates when leukocytes are actively destroying bacteria
basophil
a leukocyte that stains with basic dyes
hemostatis
stoppage of bleeding; includes the processes of muscle contraction, formation of platelet plugs and blood clots to heal the body of injuries
platelet plug
a collection of cell fragments that temporarily repairs a vessel injury
coagulation
the process of blood clot formation
vasoconstriction
the result of contraction of smooth muscles in the blood vessel wall
hemorrhage
another term for profuse bleeding
thrombin
the active enzyme that converts fibrinogen into fibrin
fibrin
the solid threads that form a blood clot
calcium
a clotting factor that also is needed to form bone tissue
antigen
a general term describing any substance that can activate an immune response
plasmapheresis
the procedure for removing plasma and returning formed elements to the donor
hemapheresis
the procedure for removing specific components and returning the remainder of the blood to the donor
autologous
term describing blood donated by an individual for use by the same individual
hematocrit
the volume percentage of red cells in whole blood
AB antigens
these blood antigens are lacking in individuals with O-positive blood
Rh Factor
the blood antigen involved in hemolytic disease of the newborn, which results from a blood incompatibility between a mother and fetus
agglutination
the process by which cells become clumped when mixed with a specific antiserum
coagulation study
diagnose a clotting deficiency
red cell count
diagnose polycythemia
platelet count
determine the abundance of small cell fragments involved in hemostasis
blood smear
count the number of reticulocytes
chem-7
determine the concentration of blood glucose
erythr/o
red, red blood cell
thromb/o
blood clot
pro-
before, in front of
morph/o
shape
leuk/o
white, colorless
-gen
producing, originating
hemat/o
blood
macr/o
large
hemo
blood
-lysis
dissolving, seperating, loosening
red cells
Plasma can be given to anyone without danger of incompatibility because it lacks which of the following substances?
neutrophil
Which blood cell type is also called a polymorph, PMN, or seg?
thrombocyte
Which of the following is NOT a type of white blood cell?
fibrin
Which of these proteins is the enzyme that activates fibrinogen?
an Rh-negative mother and an Rh-positive fetus
Which of the following might result in an Rh incompatibility problem?
albumin
What is the most abundant protein in plasma?
the presence of normal and abnormal types of hemoblobin
Which of these problems could be diagnosed by electrophoresis?
B antigen
Which antibody classes are present in type B blood?
monocyte
Which of the following cells is NOT a granulocyte?
The correct sequence for hemostasis
vessel constriction, plug formation, blood clot
hemocrit
The volume percentage of red cells in whole blood is the _______
thromocytes
Serious bleeding problems may result from a deficiency of small cell fragments called _____________
oxygen
The gas that is necessary for life and that is transported to all parts of the body by the blood __________
macrophages
Some monocytes enter the tissues, mature, and become active phagocytes. These cells are called ___________
carbon dioxide
One waste product of body metabolism is carried to the lungs to be exhaled. This gas is _________
erythropoietin
The hormone that stimulates red blood cell production is _________
red bone marrow
Blood cells are formed in the _________
phagocytosis
The most important function of certain lymphocytes is to engulf disease-producing organisms by the process of ____
iron
The chemical element that characterizes hemoglobin is _____
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