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A&P II Chapter 27 & 28 Lab

Terms in this set (101)

The essential organs of reproduction are the __________, which produce the sex cells.
gonads
The paired oval testes lie in the __________ outside the abdominopelvic cavity, where they are kept slightly cooler than body temperature.
scrotum
After sperm are produced, they enter the first part of the duct system, the __________.
epididymis
The prostate, seminal glands, and bulbo-urethral glands produce __________, the liquid medium in which sperm leaves the body.
seminal fluid
The __________ produce testosterone, the hormonal product of the testis.
interstitial endocrine cells
The endocrine products of the ovaries are estrogen and __________.
progesterone
The __________ is/are homologous to the penis.
clitoris
The __________ is a pear-shaped organ that houses the embryo or fetus during its development.
uterus
The __________, the thick mucosal lining of the uterus, has a superficial layer that sloughs off periodically.
endometrium
A developing egg is ejected from the ovary at the appropriate stage of maturity in an event known as __________.
ovulation
What urinary tract structure does an enlarged prostate usually compress, making urination difficult in an individual suffering from benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH)?
urethra
Which condition, other than BPH, would you expect to cause a rise in the level of prostate specific antigen (PSA)?
prostatitis
Which of the following is the site where sperm are stored until they are ejaculated?
tail of the epididymis
If a male undergoes a vasectomy, which of the following can no longer take place?
passage of sperm cells from the epididymis to the penis
Which of the following is/are contained within the spermatic cord?
testicular arteries and veins
Which portion of the penis is removed during circumcision?
prepuce (foreskin)
Which of these male accessory ducts transports both sperm cells and urine?
urethra
Which of these does NOT empty materials into the area of the prostatic urethra?
bulbo-urethral gland
What part of the female system is the usual site of fertilization of the ovulated oocyte?
uterine (fallopian) tube
Which layer of the uterus is made of smooth muscle?
myometrium
Which of the following represents the correct pathway of the egg after leaving the ovary and entering the uterine tube?
infundibulum, ampulla, isthmus, uterus
Which of these structures directly encloses the vestibule?
labia minora
Which structure(s) of the female's external genitalia has/have erectile tissue?
clitoris
Which of these would be included in the female peritoneum but NOT the urogenital triangle?
anus
What part(s) of the breast produce(s) milk?
alveoli
The mammary glands are classified as being part of which of the following systems?
integumentary system
What is the pigmented ring of skin surrounding the nipple?
areola
Which part of this reproductive organ is highlighted?

fundus
cervix
vagina
body
body
Which part of this reproductive organ is highlighted?

vagina
ovary
clitoris
cervix
cervix
What hormone would cause mucus secreted by the highlighted structure to be thicker and stickier?

estrogen
luteinizing hormone
follicle stimulating hormone
progesterone
progesterone
Which structures are highlighted?

prepuce
corpora cavernosa
corpus spongiosum
spongy urethra
corpora cavernosa
Which structure is highlighted?

corpus spongiosum
glans penis
prostatic urethra
prostate
corpus spongiosum
Which structure is highlighted?

epididymis
seminal vesicle
ductus deferens
testis
ductus deferens
What happens to a sperm as it passes through the highlighted structure?

It remains immature and immobile.
It becomes mobile and capable of fertilization.
It divides, producing new sperm.
It fertilizes any eggs.
It becomes mobile and capable of fertilization.
What is a function of the highlighted structure?

to produce hormones that will assist with oocyte development
to sweep a released ovum into the uterine tube
to provide a site of implantation for a fertilized egg
to help regulate the temperature of the ovaries
to sweep a released ovum into the uterine tube
Which part of this reproductive organ is highlighted?

vagina
fundus
body
cervix
fundus
Which structures are highlighted?

vestibular bulbs
corpora cavernosa
labia majora
labia minora
labia minora
Which structure is highlighted?

round ligament
broad ligament
ovarian ligament
uterine tube
round ligament
Which structure is highlighted?

corpus spongiosum
glans penis
tunica albuginea
corpus cavernosum
glans penis
Which structure is highlighted?

right ovary
right ovarian ligaments
right uterine tube
right round ligaments
right uterine tube
Which structure is highlighted?

epididymis
scrotum
testis
penis
scrotum
Which structure is highlighted?

ejaculatory duct
prostatic urethra
membranous urethra
spongy urethra
spongy urethra
Which organ is highlighted?

epididymis
testis
spermatic cord
scrotum
testis
Which structure is highlighted?

scrotum
internal spermatic fascia
tunica albuginea
tunica vaginalis
tunica albuginea
What muscle is responsible for voluntary release of urine from the highlighted organ into the urethra?

external urethral sphincter
internal urethral sphincter
trigone muscle
detrusor muscle
external urethral sphincter
Which organ is highlighted?

rectum
urinary bladder
ovary
uterus
urinary bladder
What type of epithelium lines the highlighted structure?

stratified squamous
pseudostratified columnar
transitional
simple columnar
stratified squamous
Which structure is highlighted?

antrum
primary follicle
corpus luteum
vesicular (mature) follicle
antrum
Which structure is highlighted?

basal lamina
areolar connective tissue
basement membrane
basal layer of epithelium
basement membrane
Which structure in the testis is highlighted?

tunica vaginalis
tunica albuginea
adventitia
cortex
tunica albuginea
Which hormone is secreted by the highlighted cells?

follicle stimulating hormone
estrogen
progesterone
prolactin
progesterone
Which structure is highlighted?

collagen fibers
elastic fibers
tails of sperm
heads of sperm
tails of sperm
Which structure is highlighted?

spermatogonia
sustentacular cell nuclei
spermatids
primary spermatocytes
spermatogonia
Which structure is highlighted?

primary spermatocytes
sperm
spermatogonia
spermatids
sperm
Which structure is highlighted?

secondary follicle
primordial follicle
primary follicle
atretic follicle
secondary follicle
Which structure is highlighted?

primordial follicle
primary follicle
oocyte
secondary follicle
primary follicle
Which structure is highlighted?

theca lutein cells
granulosa lutein cells
granulosa cells
connective tissue septa
granulosa lutein cells
Which structure is highlighted?

fibroblast nuclei
heads of sperm
red blood cells
tails of sperm
heads of sperm
Which structure is highlighted?

sustentacular cell nuclei
interstitial cells
primary spermatocyte
spermatids
sustentacular cell nuclei
Which structure is highlighted?

zona pellucida
theca interna
granulosa cells
corona radiata
granulosa cells
Which hormones secreted by the ovary induce development of the highlighted layer during the proliferative phase of the uterine cycle?

estrogen
follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)
luteinizing hormone (LH)
progesterone
estrogen
Which structure is highlighted?

endometrium
antrum
cortex
medulla
cortex
Which structure is highlighted?

corpus albicans
corpus luteum
antrum
vesicular follicle
corpus luteum
Which structure is highlighted?

connective tissue septa
corpus albicans
theca lutein cells
granulosa lutein cells
connective tissue septa
Which structure is highlighted?

theca interna
corona radiata
zona pellucida
granulosa cells
corona radiata
Human gametes contain __________ chromosomes.
23
The end product of meiosis is __________.
four haploid daughter cells
A grouping of four chromatids, known as a __________, occurs only during __________.
tetrad; meiosis
__________ extend inward from the periphery of the seminiferous tubule and provide nourishment to the spermatids as they begin their transformation into sperm.
Sustentocytes
The __________ of the sperm contains enzymes involved in the penetration of the egg.
acrosome
Within each ovary, the immature ovum develops in a saclike structure called a __________.
follicle
As the primordial follicle grows and its epithelium changes from squamous to cuboidal cells, it becomes a(n) __________ and begins to produce estrogens.
primary follicle
A sudden release of luteinizing hormone by the anterior pituitary triggers ovulation.
True
The __________ is a solid glandular structure with a scalloped lumen that develops from a ruptured follicle.
corpus luteum
The __________ phase of the female cycle occurs from days 1-5 and is signaled by the sloughing off of the thick functional layer of the endometrium.
menstrual
What peritoneum-associated cell is thought to develop into endometrial tissue, causing endometriosis?
mesothelium
All of the following conditions occurring in the left lower abdominal region could be misdiagnosed as endometriosis EXCEPT for __________.
appendicitis
Which of the following is the final product of spermiogenesis?
spermatozoa
Which of these cells would contain 23 unpaired chromosomes?
early spermatids
Which of the following cells remains at the basal lamina to continue the pool of dividing germ cells?
type A daughter cells
Which of the following cells is released during ovulation?
secondary oocyte
Which of these is true regarding primary oocytes?
They contain chromosomal tetrads.
What is the main difference between oogenesis and spermatogenesis in terms of meiosis?
The number of functional gametes produced is different.
What event coincides with the transition from the proliferative phase to the secretory phase?
ovulation
During what phase of the female's uterine cycle is the uterine lining shed?
menstrual phase
What ovarian structure forms at the beginning of the secretory phase, encouraging its progress, and then degenerates just before menses?
corpus luteum
The fertilized egg, or __________, appears as a single cell surrounded by a fertilization membrane and a jellylike membrane.
zygote
The uniting of the egg and sperm nuclei is known as __________.
fertilization
Cleavage is a series of mitotic divisions without any intervening growth periods and results in a multicellular embryonic body.
True
As a result of gastrulation, a __________-layered embryo forms, with each layer corresponding to a primary germ layer.
three
The __________ implants in the uterine wall.
blastocyst
The __________ gives rise to the epidermis of the skin and the nervous system.
ectoderm
By the ninth week of development, the embryo is referred to as a __________.
fetus
The placenta is composed solely of embryonic membranes.
False
The __________ encases the young embryonic body in a fluid-filled chamber that acts to protect the developing embryo against trauma.
amnion
Which of the following implants in the mucosa of the endometrium?
blastocyst
A morula has approximately 16 cells. What is the rate of mitotic division that takes place between the 4-cell stage and the morula?
12 hours per cell division
The 4-cell stage occurs 2 days after fertilization. How much time passes between the 4-cell stage and implantation?
5 days
Together, what do the decidua basalis and the chorionic villi form?
placenta
Which of these is the innermost (closest) structure that envelops the embryo?
amnion
Which of these statements regarding the embryo is FALSE?
The embryo's blood supply mixes with that of the mother.
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