Nutrition for Diabetic Patient Power Point - Exam 3

What is the approach that should be taken with regards to nutritional education for a pt with diabetes?
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What is the approach that should be taken with regards to nutritional education for a pt with diabetes?
Should be individualized for each client. Take into account personal and cultural preferences. Respect willingness to change eating and dietary habits. Maintain pleasure of eating while allowing as many food choices as appropriate. A registered dietician should be included.
What are the nutritional goals for a pt with diabetes?
Realistic and flexible. Maintain near normal blood glucose levels. Achieve optimal lipid levels. Prevent and treat complications. Achieve optimal BP goals. Reduction in caloric intake is desirable for overweight or obese clients. Diet alone possibly sufficient for glucose control.
What recommendations should be made for a pt with diabetes regarding carbohydrates?
Minimum 130 grams per day. Includes sugar, starch, and fiber. Intake should be from veggies, fruits, whole grains, legumes, and dairy. Avoid other carb sources especially those with addedd fats, sugar, and sodium. Use grams of carbs when counting them. Encourage foods with lower glycemic index
What recommendations should be made for a pt with diabetes regarding fiber?
Fiber slows down the speed by which the body digests food eaten. Aim for 25-30 grams per day (same as the general population). Sources include beans, peas, oats, and barley.
What recommendations should be made for a pt with diabetes regarding fats?
most should come from unsaturated sources such as oil from vegetables and fish. Should be less than 7% saturated (oil from animal) and less than 200 mg/day of cholesterol. Trans fats should be minimized. Should take in more than 2 servings of fish per week to provide polyunsaturated fatty acids (salmon and tuna)
What recommendations should be made for a pt with diabetes regarding trans fats?
Trans fats raise cholesterol in much the same way as saturated fats. sources of trans fats include partially hydrogenated vegetable oils, hard margarine, and shortenings. Check labels for partially hydrogenated fat or oil. Processed snack foods in particular likely to contain these.
What recommendations should be made for a pt with diabetes regarding protein?
Should be 15-20% of total calories. Sources include meat, fish, poultry, and dairy. The needed amount is significantly lower than the general population. Moderate to high amoutns are not recommended because the high saturated fat content and unnecessary stress on the kidneys to excrete nitrogen.
What recommendations should be made for a pt with diabetes regarding alcohol?
It is high in calories, has no nutritional value and promotes high triglycerides. Alcohol inhibits glucose production by the liver and can cause severe hypoglycemia if client on insulin or oral hypoglycemic agents that increase insulin secretion. Moderate consumption is ok if blood glucose is well controlled and the pt is not on medications that may have an adverse effect when mixed with alcohol. Limit to one drink per day for women and up tot two drinks per day for men. Alcohol should be consumed with food (due to increased risk of hypoglycemia). Abstention for - hx of ETOH abuse, pregnancy, liver disease, pancreatitis, neuropathy, hypertriglyceridemia.
What is carbohydrate counting?
The total number of carbohydrates are divided throughout the day. Moderate amount of carbs should be eaten at one time. One serving of carbs is 15 grams. The typical plan should be 2-3 servings of carbs per meal. Young males should have 5-6 servings of carbs per meal. Always read the lables. The total number of carbs listed on the serving size should be divided by 15 which equates to the number of carb servings.