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Flash Cards EDRG 430

Terms in this set (55)

Accuracy (part of fluency)
The ability to correctly read, write, and solve problems.
Advanced Phonics
Strategies for decoding multisyllabic words that include morphology and information about the meaning, pronunciation, and parts of speech of words gained from knowledge of prefixes, roots, and suffixes.
Alliteration
The repetition of initial phoneme either across syllables or across words. For example, "Happy hippos hop on Harry."
Alphabetic Principle
Understanding that spoken words are decomposed into phonemes, and that the letters in written words represent the phonemes in spoken words when spoken words are represented in text.
Background Knowledge
Forming connections between the text and the information and experiences of the reader.
Base Word
A unit of meaning that can stand alone as a whole word such as Dog,Cat, Pig. Also called a free morpheme.
Blending
Combining parts of a spoken word into a whole representation of the word. For example, /p/ /oo/ /l/ can be blended together to form the word POOL.
Blooms Taxonomy
Provides a structured presentation of human cognition from low-level thought processes like simple recall to higher-order thinking skills like synthesis and evaluation. Blooms Taxonomy is divided into five categories (recall, Analysis, Comparison, Inference, and Evaluation).
Chunking
Reading by grouping portions of text into short, meaningful phrases or breaking up the reading into small parts for students.
Comprehension
This is a term used to describe the interpretations, understanding, and meaning readers construct as they listen to and read stories.
Concept Definition Mapping
Provides a framework for organizing conceptual information in the process of defining a word, also supports vocabulary and concept learning by helping students internalize a strategy for defining and clarifying the meaning of unknown words.
Consonant Blend
Groups of two or three consonant in words that make a distinct consonant sounds such as, "spl" in splash or splat.
Consonant Digraph
Two consonants that come together and make one sound like, "ck" in duck, "ng" in ring or sing.
Decoding
The process of translating individual letters or groups of letters into sounds so that the reader can pronounce words.
Diagnostic
Tests that can be used to measure a variety of reading, language, or cognitive skills. Although they can be given as soon as a screening test indicates a child is behind in reading growth, they will usually be given only if a child fails to make adequate progress after being given extra help in learning to read.
Differentiated Instruction
An instructional technique that includes various ways to teach content, and assess learning. It is used to meet student needs and differences in readiness, interests, and learning styles.
Digraphs
When 2 or more consonants are grouped together and a single consonant sound is produced.
For example: /ch/, /tch/, /sh/.
Diphthongs
A gliding monosyllabic speech sound that starts at or near the articulatory position for one vowel and moves to or toward the position of another. For example, oy in TOY or ou in OUT.
Direct Instruction
An approach for teaching, it is skill oriented and the teaching practiceit imples are teacher directed. Emphasizes small groups,face-to-face instruction byteachers.
Emergent Literacy
The view that reading and writing learning begins at birth and is supported by adult interactions.
Empirical Research
Research that derives its data by means of direct observation or experiment. way of gaining information on a student through direct and indirect observations and experimentations
Etymology
The study of origins of words and how their meanings have changed throughout time.
Expository Text
Text that explains an event, concept, or idea using facts and examples.
Five Components of Reading
There are five aspects to the process of reading: phonics, phonemic awareness, vocabulary, reading comprehension and fluency. These five aspects work together to create the reading experience. As children learn to read they must develop skills in all five of these areas in order to become successful readers.
Flexible Grouping
Acknowledges grouping patterns, large groups, small groups, teams, partners, and individuals the same value because, they all offer the reader different experiences with different outcomes.
Formal Assessment
Is based on the results of standardized or structured continuous assessment to evaluate a learner's level of language. Data is collected on the student's performance on the test to determine the level of academic achievement.
Frustrational Reading Level
The child cannot decode or comprehend the text no matter how much support the teacher gives. The student is unable to deal with the reading material even with teacher assistance.
Grapheme
A unit a letter or letters of a writing system that represents one phoneme; a single symbol that has one phonemic correspondent within any particular word.
Independent-Instructional Reading Level
Independent Reading Level is easy reading. In oral reading, a child would have one or less word calling errors in 100 words of text, with 100 percent accuracy on comprehension questions about the story. A student could read it alone with ease.
Instructional Reading Level
This is the best level for learning new vocabulary. It requires the assistance of a teacher or tutor. The word error range allowed while reading orally to the teacher is from 2 to 5 word calling errors per 100 words of text (95% accuracy or better), with at least 80 percent comprehension on simple recall questions about the story. This is where the best progress is made in reading. Children who are forced or permitted to attempt reading beyond the 5-word error limit soon begin to feel frustration when in an instructional setting.
Invented Spelling
Sometimes referred to as "temporary spelling" because it is used by children until they learn the conventions and rules that adults use when they spell. Invented spelling is a developmentally appropriate step in the process of learning to read and write.
K-W-L
Know - Want to Know - Learned. K-W-L is an introductory strategy that provides a structure for recalling what students know about a topic, noting what students want to know, and finally listing what has been learned and is yet to be learned.
Metacognition
Is thinking about one's thinking, is the foundation for other reading comprehension strategies.
Morpheme
The smallest meaningful unit of speech. A morpheme can be a free form (as in PIN) or a bound form (-S in PINS), that contains no smaller meaningful parts. The morpheme is a sub-component of vocabulary; many words only have one morpheme, but some, such as compound words or words with affixes, have more than one.
Narrative Text
A text genre that tells a story. Generally includes the elements of character, setting, plot, and theme. Varieties include first-person narratives, fictional stories, and biographies.
Onset and Rime
Onset is the initial consonant sound (or sounds) that come before the vowel in a syllable. For example, the onset of cat is c.

Rime is also referred to word family. All the sounds (after the onset) from the vowel to the end of the word. For example the rime in the word cat is at. (The onset is c.)
Orthography
A complete writing system for a language or languages. Orthographies include the representation of word boundaries, stops and pauses in speech, and tonal inflections.
Outcome Assessment
A collection of work from a student to show their improvement. The teacher can also set goals from what they learn about the student and how to improve their learning.
Pedagogy
The art or profession of teaching.
Phonemic Awareness
A subset of phonological awareness; the knowledge that spoken words consist of a sequence of individual sounds, and the understanding that phonemes are rearranged and substituted to create new words. There are a finite set of phonemes which are arranged and rearranged to create an infinite set of spoken words.
Phonics
An approach to reading instruction that emphasizes letter-sound relationships and generalized principles that describe spelling-sound relationships in a language (e.g. vowels in CVCs are short).
Prosody
The patterns of stress and intonation in a language, and stress in speech.
Rate
The speed at which words are read.
Rhyming
Words with the same rime sound in the last syllable (Ex. cat, hat, and bat)
Scaffolding
Teaching coaching, prompting, and cueing students in response to their behaviors during a specific literacy task. As the student becomes more able, teacher support is gradually withdrawn.
Schema
Is a theory about knowledge, about how knowledge is represented, and about how that representation facilitates the use of knowledge in various ways.
Structural Analysis
Is figuring out what a word is by examining its meaning Units, and using word parts to help determine the meaning and pronunciation of words.
Supplemental Instruction
An academic support program designed to improve the student's academic success and increase retention. The SI program also targets traditionally difficult courses and provides regularly scheduled, peer-led study sessions.
Systematic Instruction
Refers to a carefully planned sequence for instruction, such as carefully thought out, strategic, and designed before activities and lessons are developed they included the five major areas of reading instruction (phonemic awareness, phonics, fluency, vocabulary, and comprehension).
Target words
Words that students are expected to know. Words which are specifically addressed, analyzed, and or studied in curriculum lessons, exercises and independent activities.
Think-Aloud
A strategy in which the teacher verbalizes aloud while reading a selection orally, thus modeling the process of comprehension.
Variant Correspondences
Various spelling patterns for one sound.
Vowel Digraph
A letter of the alphabet (a, e, i, o, u, and sometimes y) that represents a speech sound created by the relatively free passage of breath through the larynx and oral cavity.
Word Parts
A part of a word that usually cannot stand alone and is added to a base word to change or modify its meaning. The letters, syllables, diacritics, and parts of syllables such as consonant clusters and vowel clusters.
Word Study
Involves focused attention to words and word elements, with the goal of helping children become excellent readers and writers. Provide explicit instruction in the alphabetic principle and word analysis strategies. In addition to teaching common word patterns, students learn to read less phonetically regular words, and high frequency words.
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