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Body Organization

Terms in this set (55)

What are the two main regions of the body?
Axial Region
Appendicular Region
The Axial region goes down what region of the body?
Midline.
The Appendicular region contains what ?
Limbs
The Axial region contains what 3 structures ?
The *Axial Region Contains
*#1. The Head
#2. The Neck
#3. The Trunk
The Trunk, located in the Axial region contains 3 parts
#1. The Thorax
#2. The Abdomen
#3. The Pelvis
The Thorax, is the chest area, above the diaphragm in the Axial Region, what organs does it contain?
Heart and Lungs
The Abdomen, a part of the Trunk, located in the Axial region, contains what organs?
The abdomen contains the digestive organs.
The abdomen should not be mistakenly referred to as what ?
the stomach
the Pelvis is covered by the G-String and contains what organs?
Urinary and Reproductive Organs
Axilla, aka Armpit, is located what region?
Upper Limbs section of the Appendicular Region.
The Arm, Forearm, Wrist, Hand, and fingers are located in what region of the body?
The Appendicular Region.
The Axilla. The Arm. The Forearm. The Wrist, Hand, and fingers all make what portion of your body's limbs in the Appendicular region?
The UPPER limbs of the Appendicular region.
The Hand, located in the Upper Limbs section of the Appendicular region, contains, HOW MANY FINGERS & HOW MANY PHALANGES EACH?
4 fingers, with 3 phalanges each.
The thumb, aka Pollex, contains:
2 phalanges.
What is the term for armpit?
AXilla
What is the term for the thumb?
Pollex
What is the term for the arm?
Brachium
What is the term for the area where blood is drawn? In what body region is it found?
Antecubital fossa; it is in the brachium
Lower Limbs of the Appendicular Region include the lower limbs of the body, what are they?
1.Thigh hip to knee. Don't confuse with leg.
2. Leg knee to ankle
3. Ankle
4. Foot: 5 digits; big toe is the hallux
What is the term for the big toe?
Hallux
What is the term for the area behind the knee?
Popliteal fossa
What bone contains the area behind the knee?
The back of the femur
What describes ANATOMICAL POSITION?
-The person is standing up straight
-palms face anteriorly
-knees, elbow, and neck are straight (not bent)
-The toes point anteriorly, but the fingers point inferiorly.
If a person starts in anatomical position and then pronates their hands 90 degrees, which way do the palms face?
They face each other
If a person starts in anatomical position and then pronates their hands 180 degrees, which way do the palms face?
Posteriorly
What is Superior?
Superior: towards the top of the head
"The head is superior to the abdomen"
What is Inferior?
Inferior: towards the bottom of the feet.
"The pelvis is inferior to the neck"
What is Anterior?
Anterior (ventral): towards the front of the body
"The breastbone is anterior to the spine"
"The nose is anterior to the eyes."
What is Posterior?
Posterior dorsal: towards the back of the body
"The spine is posterior to the heart."
What is Medial?
Medial not middle!: towards the midline.
"The heart is medial to the lungs."
What is Lateral?
Lateral: towards the sides, away from the midline of the body.
"The Lungs are lateral to the heart."
"The arms are lateral to the chest"
What is Proximal?
Proximal: Close to the point of origin of the body part or the point of attachment of a limb to the body trunk (in most cases, closer to the heart).
"The elbow is proximal to the wrist."
What is Distal?
Distal: away from the point of origin in most cases, away from the heart
"The fingers are distal to the wrist."
"The knee is distal to the thigh"
What is Superficial?
Superficial external: Toward or at the body surface
"The skin is superficial to the muscles."
What is Deep?
Deep internal: Away from the body surface; more internal. Do NOT use the term "interior".
"Bones are deep to the muscles."
"The lungs are deep to the skin"
What is Intermediate?
Intermediate: Between a more medial and a more lateral structure. Example: "The collarbone is intermediate between the breastbone and shoulder"
What is the Frontal coronal Plane?
Frontal coronal Plane: Divides body or organ into anterior/posterior.
What is the Sagittal Plane?
Sagittal Plane: Divides body or organ into left and right.
a) Midsagittal (median) plane: down the midline, dividing EQUALLY right and left. b) Parasagittal plane: divides into UNEQUAL right and left parts.
What is the Transverse Plane?
the Transverse Plane cross sectional. divides body or organ into superior. / inferior. parts.
What are the 3 Body Cavities?
#1. The Thoracic cavity:
which contains the lungs and heart.
#2. The Abdominal cavity:
contains digestive organs.
and #3. The Pelvic cavity
containing the reproductive organs.
What separates the thoracic and abdominal cavities?
The thoracic and abdominal cavities are separated by the diaphragm.
What are the 2 Body Membranes and the space that separates them?
Body Membranes:
Parietal serosa (lines the body wall)
Visceral serosa (lines the organ such as heart or lungs)
Serous cavity (space between the parietal and visceral serosa; contains fluid)
What is Flexion, Extension, & HYper.extension?
Flexion: reduces angle of joint.

Extension: Increases angle of the joint. returns part to anatomical position.

Hyper.extension goes even farther than anatomical position.
What are ABDuction, ADDuction, Rotation, & Circumduction?
Abduction: takes body part away from midline in the frontal plane

ADDuction: returns body part to midline in the frontal plane

Rotation: o pivot on the axis of a bone, such as shaking head "no"

Circumduction: Using the body part to draw a circle in the air
What is internal rotation and external rotation?
Internal rotation: is to move a limb towards the midline of the body. in the transverse plane.

External rotation: would be to move a limb away from the midline of the body. in the transverse plane
What is Inversion/Eversion?
Inversion (turns foot toward midline in the frontal plane)
Eversion (turns foot away from midline in the frontal plane)
What is Dorsiflexion
Dorsiflexion: flexion of the ankle joint: Example-
Imagine yourself raising your toes up to the air, that is an example of dorsiflexion.
- sagittal plane -
What is Plantarflexion?
Plantarflexion: extension of the ankle joint; to point the toes downward
- sagittal plane -
What is Protraction. / Retraction ?
Protraction: sticks body part out anteriorly Example: jutting out the jaw.

Retraction: opposite movement to protraction.
Example. Pulls a body part posteriorly, such as the scapula.
What is Elevation/Depression?
Elevation: lifting a body part superiorly. Example. Imagine raising your shoulders upward.

Depression: moving the elevated part inferiorly.
Example. Imagine pulling a body part inferiorly.
What is Opposition?
Opposition brings thumb to touch tips of fingers
What is Pronation and Supination?
Pronation: In the ankle, pronation is turning the sole of foot away from midline; tri-plane movement of eversion, abduction, and plantarflexion. In the wrists, pronation is turning the palms from anterior to posterior.

Supination: In the ankle, supination is turning the sole of the foot toward midline; tri-plane movement of inversion, adduction, and dorsiflexion. In the wrists, supination is turning the palms from posterior to anterior.
What is prone, and how does it differ from pronation?
Prone: a POSITION, not a movement; body is lying face down. Pronation is a movement.
What is supine, and how does it differ from supination?
Supine: a POSITION, not a movement; body is lying on the back. Supination is a movement.
What is the difference between Adduction/Abduction and Flexion/Extension at the shoulders and hips?
Adduction/Abduction: moving your arms/thighs away from the body laterally, in the frontal plane.

Flexion/Extension: moving your arms/thighs away from the body in front of you, in the sagittal plane.
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