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Mosby's - Chapter 30 - Genitourinary and Renal Disorders

Terms in this set (54)

acute prostatitis
Inflammation of the prostate gland that develops suddenly.
acute renal failure (ARF)
A clinical syndrome that results from a sudden, significant decrease in filtration through the glomeruli, leading to the accumulation of salt, water, and nitrogenous wastes in the body.
acute tubular necrosis
The death of tubular cells, which form the tubule that transports urine to the ureters.
anuria
Inability to urinate; the cessation of urine production; a diminished urinary output (less than 100 to 250 mL a day).
arteriovenous fistula
An internal anastomosis between an artery and a vein.
arteriovenous graft
A synthetic material grafted between the patient's artery and vein.
autonomic hyperreflexia
Overactivity of the autonomic nervous system that causes an abrupt onset of extremely high blood pressure.
azotemia
A condition marked by retention of excessive amounts of nitrogenous compounds in the blood.
benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH)
Enlargement of the prostate gland.
chronic renal failure (CRF)
A progressive, irreversible systemic disease, caused by kidney dysfunction, that leads to abnormalities in blood counts and blood chemistry levels.
circumcision
Surgical removal of the penile foreskin.
creatinine
A chemical waste molecule generated by muscle metabolism.
cystitis
Inflammation of the urinary bladder and ureters.
dialysate
A solution used in dialysis.
dialysis
A technique used to normalize blood chemistry in patients with acute or chronic renal failure and to remove blood toxins in some patients who have taken a drug overdose.
disequilibrium syndrome
A group of neurological findings that sometimes occur during or immediately after dialysis; they are thought to result from a disproportionate decrease in the osmolality of the extracellular fluid compared with that of the intracellular compartment in the brain or cerebrospinal fluid.
dysuria
Difficult urination.
end-stage renal disease
Complete or near complete failure of the kidneys to function.
epididymitis
Inflammation of the epididymis, a tubular section of the male reproductive system that carries sperm from the testicle to the seminal vesicles.
Fournier's gangrene
A bacterial infection of the skin that affects the genitals and perineum in both men and women.
genitourinary system
The system comprising the genital and reproductive organs.
hematuria
The abnormal presence of blood in the urine.
hemodialysis
A procedure in which impurities or wastes are removed from the blood; it is used to treat renal insufficiency and various toxic conditions.
hydrocele
A fluid-filled sac along the spermatic cord in the scrotum.
intrarenal disease
Disease or damage within the kidney.
nephron
The functional unit of the kidney.
nocturia
Excessive urination at night.
oliguria
A condition marked by diminished capacity to form or pass urine.
orchitis
Painful inflammation of the testicle.
overflow incontinence
Overflow of urine from the bladder.
paraphimosis
A condition in uncircumcised men marked
by the inability to pull the retracted foreskin back over the head of the penis.
peritoneal dialysis
A dialysis procedure that uses the peritoneum as a diffusible membrane; it is performed to correct an imbalance of fluid or electrolytes in the blood or to remove toxins, drugs, or other wastes normally excreted by the kidney.
phimosis
Tightness of the prepuce (foreskin) of the penis.
postrenal disease
Disease that blocks the system that collects urine; it usually is caused by urinary tract obstruction.
prepuce
In males, the free fold of skin that covers the glans penis; the foreskin.
In females, the external fold of the
labia minora that covers the clitoris.
prerenal disease
Disease that compromises renal perfusion.
priapism
Painful, persistent erection of the penis.
pseudoaneurysm
A condition resembling an aneurysm that is caused by enlargement and tortuosity of a vessel.
pyelonephritis
Inflammation of the kidney parenchyma caused by microbial infection.
spermatocele
A benign cystic accumulation of sperm that arises from the head of the epididymis.
testicular mass
An enlargement or growth on one or both testicles.
testicular torsion
The twisting of a testicle on its spermatic cord, disrupting its blood supply.
urea
A nitrogen-containing waste product.
uremia
A condition marked by an excess of urea and other nitrogenous wastes in the blood.
urethritis
Inflammation of the urethra.
urinary calculi
Solid particles in the urinary system, commonly known as "kidney stones."
urinary retention
Inability to urinate.
urinary tract infection (UTI)
Infection of one or more structures of the urinary tract.
varicocele
An abnormal enlargement of the veins that drain the testicle
Male Reproductive Organs
Testes;
Epididymis;
Ductus deferens;
Seminal vesicles;
Prostate gland;
Bulbourethral glands;
Scrotum Penis
Female Reproductive Organs
Ovaries;
Uterine (fallopian) tubes;
Uterus;
Vagina;
External genital organs;
Internal reproductive organs;
Mammary glands
urinary system components
made up of two kidneys, two ureters, the urinary bladder, and the urethra
afferent arterioles
deliver blood into the glomerulus
efferent arterioles
take blood from the glomerulus
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