41 terms
SSUSH 7
SSUSH7 Students will explain the process of economic growth, its regional and national impact in the first half of the 19th century, and the different responses to it.
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Eli Whitney
an American inventor who developed the cotton gin. Also contributed to the concept of interchangeable parts that were exactly alike and easily assembled or exchanged
Cotton Gin
Invented by Eli Whitney in 1793. It removed seeds from cotton fibers. Now cotton could be processed quickly and cheaply. Results: more cotton is grown and more slaves are needed for more acres of cotton fields
Interchangeable Parts
identical components that can be used in place of one another in manufactoring
Industrial Revolution
The change from an agricultural to an industrial society and from home manufacturing to factory production
Mass Production
Process of making large quantities of a product quickly and cheaply
Manifest Destiny
This expression was popular in the 1840s. Many people believed that the U.S. was destined to secure territory from "sea to sea," from the Atlantic to the Pacific Ocean. This rationale drove the acquisition of territory.
Mormons
church founded by Joseph Smith in 1830 with headquarters in Salt Lake City, Utah, religious group that emphasized moderation, saving, hard work, and risk-taking; moved from IL to UT
Joseph Smith
Founded Mormonism in New York in 1830 with the guidance of an angel.
Brigham Young
The successor to the Mormons after the death of Joseph Smith. He was responsible for the survival of the sect and its establishment in Utah, thereby populating the would-be state.
Oregon Trail
Pioneer trail that began in Missouri and crossed the great plains into the Oregon country
Jacksonian Democracy
this term describes the spirit of the age led by Andrew Jackson. During this period, more offices became elective, voter restrictions were reduced or eliminated, and popular participation in politics increased. The Democratic Part, led by Jackson appealed to the new body of voters by stressing the belief in rotation in office, economy in government, governmental response to popular demands and decentralization of power.
Spoils System
The practice of rewarding supporters with government jobs. Jackson made this practice famous for the way he did it on a wide scale.
Pet Banks
State banks where Andrew Jackson placed deposits removed from the federal National Bank.
Suffrage
the right to vote
Indian Removal Act
1830 law calling for the forced movement of Native Americans to west of the Mississippi River (Oklahoma)
Trail of Tears
the forced removal of Cherokees to Oklahoma
Tariff of Abominations
Tariff passed by Congress in 1828 that favored manufacturing in the North and was hated by the South
Nativism
a policy of favoring native-born individuals over foreign-born ones
Panic of 1837
As a result of Jackson's economic policies, the United States went through another depression It resulted in the closure of many banks and record unemployment levels.
Abolition
movement to end slavery
Temperance
moderation in or abstinence from alcohol
Public School Reform
Push for public education for all children, not just the wealthy. Horace Mann
Suffrage Movement
movement dedicated to achieving women's right to vote
Reform
a change for the better as a result of correcting abuses
William Lloyd Garrison
1805-1879. Prominent American abolitionist, journalist and social reformer. Editor of radical abolitionist newspaper "The Liberator", and one of the founders of the American Anti-Slavery Society.
Emancipation
the freeing of slaves
Frederick Douglas
Famous black abolitionist that escaped from slavery who would later right a narrative of his own life that described his life. He promoted the abolitionist cause and drew the line where evil must be denounced.
Nat Turner
Slave in Virginia who started a slave rebellion in 1831 believing he was receiving signs from God His rebellion was the largest sign of black resistance to slavery in America and led the state legislature of Virginia to a policy that said no one could question slavery.
Elizabeth Cady Stanton
A member of the women's right's movement in 1840. She was a mother of seven, and she shocked other feminists by advocating suffrage for women at the first Women's Right's Convention in Seneca, New York 1848. Stanton read a "Declaration of Sentiments" which declared "all men and women are created equal."
Cult of Domesticity
idealized view of women & home; women, self-less caregiver for children, refuge for husbands
Grimke Sisters
daughters of the South Carolina slave holders and left to work for abolition. Method- lectured large crowds and gave speeches
Seneca Falls Conference
the first major meeting to discuss equal rights for women in the US, wrote Declaration of Sentiments-drafted after the Declaration of Independence, laid out womens' demands. Reactions: some women felt empowered, others were very critical
Sojourner Truth
United States abolitionist and feminist who was freed from slavery and became a leading advocate of the abolition of slavery and for the rights of women (1797-1883)
2nd Great Awakening
A religious revival movement during the early 19th century(1800's) in the United States which led to the growth of the church
Transcendentalism
A philosophy pioneered by Ralph Waldo Emerson in the 1830's and 1840's, in which each person has direct communication with God and Nature, and there is no need for organized churches.
Ralph waldo Emerson
American transcendentalist who was against slavery and stressed self-reliance, optimism, self-improvement, self-confidence, and freedom. He was a prime example of a transcendentalist and helped further the movement.
Henry David Thoreau
author owho practiced ideas of transcendentalism
Utopia
ideally perfect state
Dorothea Dix
Rights activist on behalf of mentally ill patients - created first wave of US mental asylums
Horace Mann
United States educator who introduced reforms that significantly altered the system of public education (1796-1859)
Civil Disobedience
a group's refusal to obey a law because they believe the law is immoral (as in protest against discrimination)