____ are large, biologically
important molecules inside cells.Macromolecules____ are aggregates of
macromolecules used to carry out a specific
function in the cell.Organelles___ are the basic living unit.Cells____ are groups of cells functioning
together.tissuesGroups of tissues form _____organsGroups of organs function together as
______organ systemsOrgan systems functioning together make
up an _____.organsimFundamental characteristics of life are
traits shared by ____ organisms.allMovement(internal or gross)Responsiveness(reaction to internal or external
change)Growth(increase in size without change in shape)Reproduction(new organisms or new cells)Respiration(use of oxygen; removal of CO2)Digestion(breakdown of food into simpler
forms)Absorption(movement of substances through
membranes and into fluids)Circulation(movement within body fluids)Assimilation(changing nutrients into chemically
different forms)Excretion(removal of metabolic wastes)Taken together, these 10 characteristics
constitute___.metabolismRequirements of Organisms:a. Water
b. Food
c. Oxygen
d. Heat
e. PressureBoth the ____ and ____ of these factors are
important.-quality and quanityMaintenance of a stable internal environment is called
____.
Homeostasis is regulated through control systems which
have receptors, a set point and effectors in common.
Examples include:
a. Homeostatic mechanisms regulate body
temperature in a manner similar to the functioning of
a home heating thermostat.
b. Another homeostatic mechanism employs pressure-
sensitive receptors to regulate blood pressure.homeostasis.Homeostasis is regulated through control systems which
have ____, a set point and ____ in common.-receptors
-set point,effectorsMany of the body's homeostatic controls
are negative ____ mechanisms.-feedbackEach individual uses homeostatic
mechanisms to keep body levels within
a ____; normal ranges can vary
from one individual to the next.normal rangeMajor features of the human body include its
_____, _____ and ____.cavities, membranes,organ systems.The body can be divided into an ___
portion (upper and lower limbs) and an___ portion
(head, neck, and trunk), which includes a dorsal and
a ventral cavity. Organs within these cavities are
called___appendicular
axial
visceraThe dorsal cavity can be divided into two
areas:- Cranial cavity
-Vertebral canalThe ventral cavity is made up of the
following:-Thoracic cavity
-Abdominopelvic cavityThe mediastinum divides the
and left halves.Thoracic cavityThe abdominopelvic cavity can be divided into
the abdominal cavity and the pelvic cavity.Abdominopelvic cavityA broad, thin muscle called the ____
separates the thoracic and abdominopelvic
cavities.diaphragmSmaller cavities within the head include theoral cavity, nasal cavity, orbital cavities, and
middle ear cavities.The ____ cavity is lined with____; the parietal pleura lines the cavities while the visceral pleura covers the lungs. A thin
layer of serous fluid separates the two layers.-thoracic
-pleural membranesThe ___ is surrounded by____. The parietal pericardium makes up an outer sac and the visceral pericardium covers the
heart. Serous fluid separates the two layers.-heart
-pericardial
membranes____ line the ___; a parietal peritoneum lines the wall while
visceral peritoneum covers the organs.-Peritoneal membranes
-the abdominopelvic cavityThe ___, including
skin, hair, ___, and various glands,
covers the body, senses changes
outside the body, and helps regulate
_____.-integumentary system
-nails
-body temperatureThe _____ is made up of bones
and ligaments. It supports, protects,
provides frameworks, stores inorganic
salts, and houses blood-forming tissues.skeletal systemThe_____ consists of the
muscles that provide body movement,
posture, and body heat.muscular systemThe ____consists of the brain,
spinal cord, nerves, and sense organs. It
integrates incoming information from
receptors and sends impulses to muscles
and glands.nervous systemThe ___, including all of the
glands that secrete hormones, helps to
integrate metabolic functions.endocrine systemThe _____, made up of
the heart and blood vessels, distributes
oxygen and nutrients throughout the body
while removing wastes from the cells.cardiovascular systemThe ___, consisting of
lymphatic vessels, lymph nodes, thymus,
and spleen, drains excess tissue
includes cells of immunity.lymphatic systemThe ___, consisting of the
kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra,
removes wastes from the blood and helps
to maintain water and electrolyte balance.urinaryThe ___ is made up of the
mouth, esophagus, stomach, intestines,
and accessory organs. It receives, breaks
down, and absorbs nutrients.digestive systemThe ___ exchanges gases
between the blood and air and is made up
of the lungs and passageways.respitory systemThe ___ produces new
organisms.reproductive systemTerms of relative position include:
superior, inferior, anterior, posterior,
medial, lateral, proximal, distal, superficial
(peripheral), and deep.....A ___ divides the body into
right and left portions.sagittal sectionA ____ divides the body into
superior and inferior portions. It is often
called a "cross section".transverse sectionA ___ divides the body into
anterior and posterior sections.coronal section
