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13 Colonies 19-20

Terms in this set (58)

Who founded England's first colony in America that ended up failing?
Sir Walter Raleigh
What is a joint-stock company?
a group of investors who put up money to fund a colony. Each investor owns a part of the profit as well as the risk. They share profits and losses.
What is a charter?
a written agreement from the King saying it's ok to start a new colony
What was the 1st permanent English colony?
Jamestown
What saved Jamestown?
they could grow and sell tobacco for a lot of money
Explain the House of Burgesses.
the 1st representative government set up in the colony of Virginia in 1619. Each colonist could elect a representative to vote for them on laws and taxes. This person would "represent" them.
Who were the Separatists?
people who wanted to separate from the Church of England. They were persecuted by King James so they fled to America and became known as pilgrims.
What was the Mayflower Compact?
a document signed in 1620 on the Mayflower stating the pilgrims were forming their government. Self government & majority rules.
Who were the Puritans?
they left England to start reforming the church because they wanted to purify the Church of England. They were very strict and didn't like other religions or types of people.
What was the Great Migration?
a huge movement of people from England to America. Between 1630 and 1640 20,000 people left.
What happened to Roger Williams?
he got kicked out by the Puritans by saying people shouldn't have to attend church and so he fled south and founded Rhode Island and the 1st Baptist Church in America.
What are the 4 regions of the English Colonies?
New England, Middle, South, Backcountry.
What was New England known for?
being most populated and wealthiest.
What is the Fundamental Orders of Connecticut?
it extended voting rights to non church members. You didn't have to be part of a church to have a say in how things work.
What types of cities started in New England?
Larger cities because most people were from large cities and were familiar with the set up of a larger city.
Describe the economy in the New England colonies.
furs, fishing and timber for ship building. these things led to trading.
Why couldn't they farm cash crops from New England?
soil was too hard and rocky to farm.
What were the Navigation Acts?
acts that made sure England made the most money it could off of the colonies.
What were the provisions of the Navigation Acts?
goods had to be carried on English ships or ships that were made in the English colonies. Tobacco, wood, and sugar could only be sold to England or its colonies. European imports had to pass thru English ports so they could be taxed.
Did the colonists like the Navigation Acts?
no because they didn't have a say on whether or not it should have been put into place in the first place.
What happened in King Phillip's War?
Native Americans were upset that there were so many Europeans on their land so the Wompanowog chief, Metacom fought with colonists on their side and won. Europeans called him "King Philip"
Who founded Maryland?
Lord Baltimore
Why did he establish Maryland?
for a place for Catholics to be able to live in the colonies.
What was one of the first things colonists did in Maryland?
passed the Acts of Toleration
What was the Acts of Toleration?
it outlawed religious persecution. A person could not be punished for being a certain religion.
Why would the owners of the Carolinas want to attract people?
the more people that lived there, the more crops could be grown and sold which would make the colony rich and the owners rich.
Describe the economy in the southern colonies?
they grew indigo, tobacco, rice, and cotton. These required a lot of slave labor to grow and harvest.
Who founded Georgia?
James Oglethorphe
Why did he found Georgia?
he wanted it to be a place where poor farmers and people in debt could have a new start.
Why did the slave system favor the rich?
you need money to buy slaves. the more crops you grow the more slaves you need.
What's the name of the region where most of the planter class had their plantations?
The Tidewater
The Tidewater was known for what?
it's very fertile soil because it lies along the seacoast
Explain Bacon's Rebellion
Nathaniel Bacon was a poor farmer. He thought the govt. only cared for the rich planter class. He demanded the govt help the frontiers people (poor people) but the govt didn't listen so Bacon stormed into Jamestown and burned it to the ground. Bacon died and the rebellion fell apart.
What was the Stono Rebellion?
a slave rebellion where 20 slaves started destroying plantations and killing slave owners. The rebellion was put to an end and stricter slave codes were put into effect.
How was the economy of the North different from the South?
Wealth in the North was more evenly distributes among people (small farms, large towns). In the south, only a few people had wealth. (large farms, small towns)
Who originally set up settlements in the Middle Colonies?
The Dutch set up New Netherlands and put Peter Stuyvesant in charge.
Why did England see New Netherland as a threat?
they were expanding and taking over other areas. they were also right in the middle of the English settlements which cut off a lot of their ability to get things back and forth from the northern and southern colonies.
What happened when the English take over New Netherland?
the Duke of York takes control and renames it New York
Who founded Pennsylvania?
William Penn
Why was Pennsylvania founded?
It was meant as a place for Quakers.
What was the nickname of the Middle Colonies? Why?
the Breadbasket colonies because the soil was very rich for growing grains. They grew enough to supply all 13 colonies with grain. No slave labor was used and they used rivers for shipping
Why does diversity lead to tolerance?
over time, a society that has many different types of people must learn to live together and accept each others differences or they will fail as a group. People in the Middle Colonies learned to work together and they got over the little petty differences.
What was the Backcountry?
a western frontier of many colonies along the Appalachian Mountains. This area was very dense forest and not good for farming. The first settlers there clashed with the Native Americans.
Where does the Backcountry begin?
At the Fall Line. This is where the waterfalls prevent large boats from going up river. Thus stopping supply routes.
Why did the Scots-Irish come to the Backcountry?
they were pushed from their homes because it was war torn and very little opportunities were left for them.
Why were they able to be successful in the Backcountry?
they had the skills they needed to survive in the Backcountry. They have the know how they needed to fight and survive.
What is going to happen as English settlers push farther west?
they will come in contact and conflict with Native Americans and other Europeans settlers already living there.
subsistence farming
farming in which only enough food to feed one's family is produced
Mercantilism
An economic policy under which nations sought to increase their wealth and power by obtaining large amounts of gold and silver and by selling more goods than they bought
Indentured Servants
Colonists who received free passage to North America in exchange for working without pay for a certain number of years
Pilgrims
Group of English Protestant dissenters (Puritans) who established Plymouth Colony in Massachusetts in 1620 to seek religious freedom after having lived briefly in the Netherlands.
Triangular Trade
A three way system of trade during 1600-1800s Africa sent slaves to America, America sent Raw Materials to Europe, and Europe sent Guns and Rum to Africa
cash crop
farm crop raised to be sold for money
indigo
A plant used to make valuable blue dye
why were the colonies really set up?
to make England money using the resources in America and for religious freedom
Proprietary Colony
colony run by individuals or groups to whom land was granted
Royal Colony
A colony controlled directly by the English king
Breadbasket Colonies
Colonies in the Middle colonies, and they were given that name because they exported so much grain.
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