sister chromatids
identical copies of a chromosome; full sets of these are created during the S(DNA replication) subphase of interphase
centromere
a specialized condensed region of each chromosome that appears during mitosis where the chromatids are held together called "waist"
cell cycle
ordered sequence of events that extends from the time a cell is first formed from a dividing parent cell, until its own division into two identical daughter cells
interphase
(growing stage) (growing stage) when cell roughly doubles everything in cytoplasm and precisely duplicates its chromosomal DNA, metabolic activity is very high, cell performs its various functions in the organism, and increases supply of proteins, and cytoplasmic organelles
mitotic phase
the part of the cell cycle when mitosis divides the nucleus and distributes its chromosomes to the daughter nuclei and cytokinesis divides the cytoplasm, producing two daughter cells.
S Phase
The synthesis phase of the cell cycle; the portion of interphase during which DNA is replicated.
mitosis
cell division in which the nucleus divides into nuclei containing the same number of chromosomes
cytokinesis
organic process consisting of the division of the cytoplasm of a cell following karyokinesis bringing about the separation into two daughter cells
mitotic spindle
An assemblage of microtubules and associated proteins that is involved in the movements of chromosomes during mitosis.
cleavage furrow
The first sign of cleavage in an animal cell; a shallow groove in the cell surface near the old metaphase plate.
cell plate
A double membrane across the midline of a dividing plant cell, between which the new cell wall forms during cytokinesis.
cell cycle control system
A cyclically operating set of molecules in the cell that triggers and coordinates key events in the cell cycle.
cancer cells
Don't respond to the normal controls of cell division and divide excessively producing tumors
prophase
the first stage of mitosis or meiosis in eukaryotic cell division, during which the nuclear envelope breaks down and strands of chromatin form into chromosomes
prometaphase
the second stage of mitosis, during which the nuclear envelope fragments and the spindle microtubules attach to the kinetochores of the sister chromatids.
anaphase
the stage of meiosis or mitosis when chromosomes move toward opposite ends of the nuclear spindle