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intro

Terms in this set (22)

Geologists
Scientists who study the Eharth.
mass spectrometer
Measures the composition of rock and water.
Geology (or geoscience)
The study of the Earth.
Earth System
Chemical elements cycle between different types of rock, between rock and sea, between sea and air, and between all of these entities and life.
thermal energy
Rapidly moving atoms. The vasfter the atoms vibrate or move, the greater the thermal energy. Thermal energy in a substance represents the sum of the kinetic energy (energy of motion) of all of the substance's atoms.
temperature
A measure of warmth relative to some standard. It represents the average kinetic energy of atoms in the material.
heat
The thermal energy transferred from one object to another.
radiation
Electromagnetic waves transporting heat to a body.
conduction
The process by which heat or electricity is directly transmitted through a substance when there is a difference of temperature or of electrical potential between adjoining regions, without movement of the material.
convection
A circulation during which flow of the material itself carries heat. The path of this flow defines "convective cells".
advection
When a hot fluid flows into cracks and pores within a solid, and heats up the solid.
plates
Discrete pieces separated by large cracks in the shell of the underlying mantle.
theory of plate tectonics
The model that describes the movement of plates that move very slowly relative to one another.
geologic time scale
The intervals of time for the major changes on earth due to plate-movements over a long period of time.
scientific method
a sequence of steps for systematically analyzing scientific problems in a way that leads to verifiable results.
hypothesis
a possible explanation, involving only natural processes, that can explain a set of observations.
shatter cones
small, cone-shaped cracks.
theories
scientific ideas supported by abundant evidence.
scientific laws
Concise statements that completely describe a specific relationship or phenomenon.
shatter cones
small, cone-shaped cracks.
theories
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shatter cones
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