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Indochina Conflict 1850 - 1963
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Terms in this set (75)
Viet Minh
communist-dominated Nationalist Movement. Ruled Vietnam when Japanese rule ended. Leader was Ho Chi Minh.
Giap
Commander of Vietminh army and the NVA
Ho Chi Minh
Vietnamese communist statesman who fought the Japanese in World War II and the French until 1954 and South vietnam until 1975 (1890-1969)
Domino Theory
the political theory that if one nation comes under Communist control then neighboring nations will also come under Communist control
Geneva Accords
Decided Vietnam would be divided at the 17th parallel, there would be free elections, Ho Chi MInh and Ngo Dinh Diem would lead North and South, and it acknowledged Cambodia as independent
Mandarins
High ranking officials in the Vietnamese imperial bureaucracy
Napalm
Highly flammable chemical dropped from US planes in firebombing attacks during the Vietnam War.
Ngo Dinh Diem
The first president of South Vietnam who was assassinated in 1963
Bhuddist Crisis
The name given to disturbances caused by protesting monks in 1963
Dirty War
The nickname French critics gave to the First Indochinese War 1946-54
Strategic Hamlets
Diem's policy to gather peasants into armed stockades in order to isolate them from communists
Kennedy
The president who lifted US military involvement from 600 'advisers' in 1961 to 16000 soldiers by late-1963
Dein Bien Phu
The name of the final French military action in Vietnam
Democratic Republic of Vietnam
The official name of the state proclaimed by Ho in 1945
ARVN
The acronym for the South Vietnamese army
Vietcong
The name of the South Vietnamese communist military organisation
Ho Chi Minh
The inspirational Vietnamese communist leader who died in 1969
Guerilla
The type of warfare successfully employed by the Viet Cong
Hanoi
The capital of North Vietnam
Elysee Agreement
The agreement with France that saw Bao Dai reinstated as (puppet) emperor in 1948
Agent Orange
The name of the chemicals sprayed over South Vietnamese jungles to strip the vegetation of leaves
Ho Chi Minh Trail
The route used to supply South Vietnamese communists from the North
Saigon
The capital of South Vietnam
Fontainbleau
Name given to the talks and (unsuccessful) agreement made in 1946 between French & Vietnamese nationalists
August Revolution
The formation of the Democratic Republic of Vietnam (DRV) in 1945 after Japan withdrew from Indochina
Cao Dai
A religious and political sect formed in the 1920's by a group of south vietnames intellectuls, combining the three major religions of Vietnam - Buddhism, Confucianism, and Christianity - with the worship of Vietnamese and Western heroes. Waged a stubborn resistance war against the communists (esp. in Tay Ninh Province) even after U.S. troop withdrawal.
Hoa Hao
The reformed sect of Buddhism invented by Huynh Phu So.
Cold War
Tension between the rise of communism and the West.
Viet Cong
A Communist-led army and guerrilla force in South Vietnam that fought its government and was supported by North Vietnam. Also known as the National Liberation Front.
Imperialism
The creation and maintenance of an unequal economic, cultural and territorial relationship, usually between states and often in the form of an empire, based on domination and subordination.
Nationalism
The movement for an independent democratic state of Vietnam.
Communism
A theory or system of social organization based on the holding of all property in common, actual ownership being ascribed to the community as a whole or to the state.
Michelen rubber plantations
French-owned rubber plantations operating during the colonial era in which workers lived in atrocious conditions. Many died from cholera, dysentery and starvation.
1945 Famine
The famine that occured during Japanese colonial rule, killing 2 million. Caused by crop failure combined with high rates of rice export. Hunger was also used as a method of controlling Viet Minh resistance.
Communist victory in China 1949
Turning point for Viet Minh as this meant they could secure opportunities for training and supplies.
Colonialism
Attempt by one country to establish settlements and to impose its political, economic, and cultural principles in another territory.
Japanese Conquest
Japanese take over of Vietnam in 1940 after France was invaded by Germany during WWII.
Ngo Dinh Nhu
Played a vital role in Ngo Dinh Diem's government, largely responsible for taking over drug, alcohol, and gambling syndicates in Saigon.
'mission civilisatrice'
The French idea that those from 'civilised' countries had an obligation to bring their culture to the 'savages.'
Nghe-Tinh Revolt
A workers strike in 1930.
12000
Number of coolies (from 44000) that died at one Michelen rubber plantation between 1917 and 1944
1887
France wipes out Vietnam as single unified country- Cochinchina, Annam and Tonkin come under Indochina Union.
1868
France undisputed master of Cochinchina.
Nationalists
Worked for an independent Vietnam but argued whether change should be by constitutional or revolutionary means.
Traditionalists
Opposed the French because of their attempts to restructure the traditional Confucian systems.
Scholars Revolt
First serious rebellion in 1885 led by mandarins and supported by peasants.
Reform Association (Duy Tan Hoi)
First nationalist organisation in Vietnam
1919
Ho Chi Minh represents Vietnam at Paris Peace Conference putting forward case for independence.
1923
Ho Chi Minh receives lengthy training in revolutionary techniques in Moscow.
1925
Ho Chi Minh sets up Revolutionary Youth League believing communism provides best answers to Vietnams problems.
1930
Indochina Communist Party forms.
1941
Vietnamese Independence League or Viet Minh forms.
Pham Van Dong
Met and was attracted to Ho Chi Minh's political views in Canton, China. He was the head political leader of the Vietminh in which he oversaw recruitment of the Vietminh and was responsible for other political negotiations for the Vietminh. Represented the Vietminh at the Geneva Conference in 1954.
Viet Nam Quoc Dan Dang (VNQDD)
Formed in 1927 by educated young Vietnamese. Aimed to establish a republic with a representative parliament of the people. Organised protests and assassinations in Tonkin in 1930. Leaders arrested and executed.
10 August, 1945
Japanese surrender and Ho calls for general uprising.
17 August, 1945
Bao Dai abdicated and asks Viet Minh to form a government in Cochinchina.
2 September, 1945
Ho Chi Minh proclaims new state "Democratic Republic of Vietnam".
General Gracey
Refuses to deal with Viet Minh in 1945 and sets about organizing return of the French.
Feburary 1946
Chinese nationalists recognise French sovereignty over Indochina and withdraw their forces.
50000 & 100000
Respective French and Viet Minh forces in 1946.
19 December 1946
Beginning of First Indochina War.
1949
Turning point in the "dirty war" with victory of Communists in China.
de Lattre line
Group of forts French based their operations from in Hanoi.
Operation Lorraine 1952
During this 1200 soldiers killed when Viet Minh struck French troops strung along single line.
Yellowing
Name of French policy to strengthen French units with Vietnamese, Cambodians, Laotians and French Foreign Legion. 1952.
74 000
Number of French troops killed by 1952. Leads to growing unpopularity of the war in France.
$2.5 Billion
Amount of money Americans had spent by end of 1st Indochina War in 1954.
10 000 & 50 000
Respective French and Viet Minh forces at Dien Bien Phu
1954
Year of Battle of Dien Bien Phu and Geneva Conference
Navarre
French commander-in-chief in Indochina
13 March 1954
Giap launches attack at Dien Bien Phu
95 000
Total French Union soldiers dead in 1st Indochina War.
1 000 000
Estimated deaths to Vietnamese during 1st Indochina War.
26 April 1954
Geneva Conference opens.
Truman
President at end of WWII; sent money to Vietnam supporting French over Vietnam allies.
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