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A&P: Chapter 1

Terms in this set (68)

Anatomy
Study of structure and shape.
Physiology
Study of function (how it works).
Gross Anatomy
Study of large structure.
Microscopic Anatomy
Study of small structure.
Chemical
Simplest level that makes up all cells.
Cellular
Level that involves the building blocks of life.
Tissues
Groups of similar cells. Perform the same job.
Organ
Made of 2 or more tissues working together.
Organ System
Group of organs working together and they perform a common job.
Organism
Highest level of organization.
Integumentary
Skin, hair, nails, and sweat glands system. Functions involve waterproofs, regulates temp, contains sense receptors, etc.
Skeletal
Bone, cartilage, and ligaments system. Functions involve support, provide framework for movement, protects organs, etc.
Muscular
This system's function is to contract to cause motion. Help maintain body temp and posture.
Nervous
Brain, spinal cord, nerves, and sense receptors system. "Control system" that's fast and transmits/responds to messages.
Integration
To become part of.
Endocrine
Glands and hormones system. Controls body activities and it's slower acting.
Cardiovascular
Heart and blood vessels system. Transports nutrients, hormones, wastes.
Growth
Refers to an organisms increase in body size without any important changes in shape.
Water
The most abundant chemical in our bodies. It's required for metabolic processes. It transports substances & helps with temperature regulation.
Lymphatic
Vessels, nodes, fluid, spleen, thymus gland, & tonsils system. It helps cleanse blood and returns fluid to blood stream.
Digestive
Mouth, teeth, tongue, salivary glands, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, liver, gall bladder, pancreas, small & large intestine system. It deals with absorption and secretion as well as breaking down and digesting food.
Respiratory
Nasal passages, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, & lungs system. It deals with absorption & secretion as well as gas exchange & breathing.
Urinary
Kidneys, ureters, bladder, & urethra system. It is also known as the "excretory system." The function is to remove nitrogen containing wastes. It helps maintain fluid & ion balance.
Metabolism
Acquisition of food & utilization of its energy plus excretion.
Food
Provides nutrients & supplies energy. It also helps regulate reactions.
Oxygen
Helps release energy from food & drives metabolic processes. 1/5 air.
Heat
Form of energy that is a product of metabolic reactions. More of this = faster reactions.
Pressure
Application of force.
Atmospheric Pressure
Force due to weight of air, which is important for breathing.
Hydrostatic Pressure
Force exerted by a fluid.
Superior
Above; toward the upper part.
Inferior
Below; toward the lower.
Anterior
In front of; toward the front of.
Posterior
Behind; toward the back of.
Medial
On the inner side of; toward the midline.
Lateral
On the outer side of; away from the midline.
Proximal
Close to origin; close to the point of attachment.
Distal
Away from origin; away from the point of attachment.
Superficial
Toward the body surface (outside).
Deep
Away from body surface (inside).
Sagittal
Body cut that divides into right and left. Also known as longitudinal.
Frontal
Body cut that divides into anterior & posterior (front & back). Also known as coronal.
Transverse
Body cut that is along the horizontal section and divides into superior & inferior (top & bottom). It's also a cross section.
Axial
Cavity that includes the head, neck, and trunk.
Appendicular
(To hang) Cavity that includes upper and lower limbs.
Dorsal
Sub category of the axial cavity. Has 2 subdivisions: cranial and spinal.
Cranial
Space inside skull; brain. Apart of the dorsal cavity.
Spinal
Space inside vertebral column; spine. Apart of the dorsal cavity.
Vertebral
Cavity that refers to the belly. Subdivision of axial includes thoracic (chest) and abdominopelvic (abdominal, pelvic).
Cross Section
Bone cut that means to cut across/horizontal. Also known as a transverse cut.
Oblique
Bone cut that is also known as angular.
Longitudinal
Vertical bone cut that is also known as sagittal.
Parietal
Refers to membrane attached to wall or cavity (outer layer).
Visceral
Refers to deeper membrane (inner layer).
Parietal Pleura
Lines thoracic compartments. (Lines wall of ribs).
Visceral Pleura
Covers lungs. Separated by serous fluid. (Deep organ).
Mediastinum
Heart is within this. Middle & inside thorax. It's covered directly by the visceral pericardium.
Visceral Pericardium
Directly covers the heart. (Organ around heart).
Visceral Peritoneum
Covers organs.
Receptor
Provides information about stimuli in the homeostatic system.
Stimuli
Causes receptor to react.
Afferent Pathway
Information highway in homeostatic system. (Toward).
Set Point
Control center in homeostatic system. It determines the level for variable and response.
Effector
Means for response. (Leaving). Influence the stimulus.
Efferent Pathway
Information highway in the homeostatic system. (Leaving). Control center --> effector.
Negative
Feedback that turns on when something is gone.
Positive
Feedback that turns on when something is present.
Homeostatic Imbalance
Disturbance of imbalance, injury, disease, & aging.
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