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American History 8 Vocab

Terms in this set (21)

Louis Sullivan
Architect who designed the 10-story Wainwright Building in St. Louis—one of the first skyscrapers.
Daniel Burnham
Architect who designed the Flatiron Building in New York.
Frederick Law Olmsted
Landscape architect who headed the movement for planned urban parks—helped draw up the plan for Central Park in New York
Orville and Wilbur Wright
Bicycle manufacturers from Dayton, Ohio who conducted the first successful flight on December 17, 1903 in Kitty Hawk, North Carolina.
George Eastman
Introduced the Kodak camera for $25 and included a 100 picture roll of film
Booker T. Washington
Believed racism would end once blacks acquired useful labor skills and proved their economic value to society; headed the Tuskegee Institute
Tuskegee Normal and Industrial Institute
University in Alabama that aimed to equip African Americans with teaching dipoles and useful skills in agricultural, domestic, or mechanical work.
W.E.B. Du Bois
First African American to receive a doctorate from Harvard; disagreed with Washington's gradual approach; founded the Niagara Movement.
Niagara Movement
Insisted that blacks should seek a liberal arts education so that the African-American community would have well-educated leaders; stressed that ALL men were created equal.
Ida B. Wells
Former slave became a teacher then became an editor of a local paper; fought against lynching by writing, lecturing, and organizing for civil rights.
Poll tax
An annual tax that had to be paid before qualifying to vote; many people were too poor to pay the tax.
Grandfather clause
Clause Southern states added to their constitutions that stated a man was entitled to vote if he, his father, or his grandfather had been eligible to vote before January 1, 1867 even if they could not pay the tax or pass the literacy test.
Segregation
Separation of white and back people in public and private facilities.
Jim Crow laws
Segregation laws; based on an old minstrel song that ended in the words "Jump, Jim Crow."
Plessy v. Ferguson
Supreme Court case that ruled separation of races in public accommodations was legal; established the doctrine of separate but equal on a national level.
Debt peonage
A system that bound laborers into slavery in order to work off a debt to an employer
Joseph Pulitzer
A Hungarian immigrant who pioneered popular innovations in newspapers; emphasized sin, sex, and sensation.
William Randolph Hearst
Pulitzer's competitor in the newspaper business.
Ashcan school
American art style that painted urban life and working people with gritty realism and no frills.
Mark Twain
American novelist and humorist (real name Samuel Longhorne Clemens) who showed a realistic portrayal of American life--wrote The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn.
Rural free delivery
RFD; postal system that brought packages directly to every home.
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