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COMD 5330 Lecture 1

Terms in this set (59)

Hearing loss is often called the ...
invisible condition
what are some consequences of hearing loss
everyday communication can be difficult/difficulties at home, work, community/delays in speech, language, education, and social development/lost wages and productivity
Approximately ... people have some degree of hearing; ... of these individuals have permanent impairment
30 million, 80%
one of every ... born in the this country has some kind of hearing problem; ... children born have severe to profound hearing loss
20; 1/1000
... of the population over 65 years old has decreased hearing
1/3
what are some reasons there is a great increase in hearing issues in people over the age of 65?
noise, recreational activities, exposed to chemicals, workplace noise
What are some influences of hearing loss
family income, employment status, education, marital status and living arraingements (divorce/live alone), births.
Any effort aimed at minimizing and/or alleviating the effects of a hearing loss on communication
Aural Rehabilitation
Aural Rehabilition includes:
(1) providing technical support, (2) working with the individual to maximize the use of their residual hearing, (3)counseling to help the person cope with the effects of having a hearing loss
this is what we do with children who have never acquired a skill (such as a child born with hearing loss who is taught to hear and understand speech)
habilitation
this happens when you take someone who experiences hearing loss later in life so they have good speech/listening skills and then we try to help with amplification and provide understanding of their hearing loss
rehabilitation
know the difference between habilitation/rehabilitation
HABILITATION is what we do with children who have never acquired a skill (such as a child born with hearing loss who is taught to hear and understand speech)/REHABILITATION happens when you take someone who experiences hearing loss later in life so they have good speech/listening skills and then we try to help with amplification and provide understanding of their hearing loss
who provides Aural Rehabilitation
audiologists, speech-language pathologists, teacher for the hard-of-hearing or deaf, sometimes even the resource teacher or a school volunteer will help out
in many cases of Aural Rehabilitation, the ... fils in the auditory training and speechreading training
speech pathologist
When an audiogram is interpretated, do you look at the ears together or separately?
separately
the lowest level that a person can identify sound as present about half the time
threshold
how do you describe the hearing loss
DEGREE of hearing loss, NATURE of hearing loss, AUDIOMETRIC CONFIGURATION
This degree of hearing loss is between 0-15 dB HL fFOR CHILDREN
Normal
This degree of hearing loss is between 16-25 dB HL FOR CHILDREN
Slight (this is a catergory ONLY for children)
This degree of hearing loss is between 0-25 dB HL FOR ADULTS
Normal
This degree of hearing loss is between 26-40 dB HL
Mild
This degree of hearing loss is between 41-55 dB HL
Moderate
This degree of hearing loss is between 56-70 dB HL
Moderately-Severe
This degree of hearing loss is between 71-90 dB HL
Severe
This degree of hearing loss is between 91 dB HL +
Profound
The NATURE of the hearing loss is based on ...
presence or absence of an AIR-BONE GAP
This nature of hearing loss occurs when the cochlea hears fine (resulting in normal bone coduction (BC) hearing) but there is a loss that is due to a problem of the OUTER or MIDDLE EAR resulting in reduced air conduction (AC)
Conductive hearing loss
This nature of hearing loss occurs when the bone conduction AGREES with the air conduction and BOTH show a hearing loss - THE PROBLEM IS IN THE COCHLEA OR ALONG THE NEURAL PATHWAY
Sensorineural hearing loss
This nature of hearing loss occurs when the bone conduction shows loss and air conduction shows loss EVEN GREATER THAN BONE CONDUCTION - there is a problem in both the cochlea and in the conductive system
Mixed hearing loss
Audiogram configurations are ALWAYS based on
Air Conduction thresholds (when you describe an audiogram, you are never going to use BC in your description)
What are the Audiogram configurations?
Flat (AC thresholds with 10 dB), gradually sloping, steeply sloping, rising, ski-slope or precipitously sloping, cookie bite, reverse cookie bite, jagged (W shaped), peaked, fragmentary or corner, notched
This type of deaf occurs when everyday auditory/verbal communication is impossible or nearly so
social deafness (need sign language to communicate)
This type of deaf occurs when the average threshold at 500, 1000 and 2000 Hz is over 90 dB HL
medico-legal deafness
This type of deaf occurs if the primary mode of learning is NOT auditory, he/she is considered deaf
educational deafness
This type of deaf occurs when people who communicate using ASL and consider themselves as a minority group and not as handicapped individuals
cultural Deafness (written with a capital "D")
This type of deaf occurs when a person has hearing loss but is not "deaf" by any of the previously discussed definitions
hard of hearing
This occurs when hearing loss is up to the level of the cochlea
Peripheral hearing loss (occurs anywhere in the outer, middle, or inner ear all the way up to the cochlea)
This is hearing loss that occurs from the VIII cranial nerve and up to the cortex
Central hearing loss
This is hearing loss that has an anatomical, physiological, or metabolic etiology
Organic hearing loss
This is hearing loss where the organic etiology is unknown
Functional hearing loss
This term is reserved for medico-legal use
Percentage of hearing loss
this is calculated using a formula which varies from state to state
Percentage of hearing loss
Do audiologist like to use percentage of hearing loss? Why
no; because it misleads people to thnk that any two people with similar hearing loss will have the same amount of difficulty-NOT TRUE!!
We perceive information in the auditory system along the dimensions of ..., ..., ...
frequency, intensity, time
What is the frequency range for humans
20 Hz to 20,000 Hz
When we test we do so from ... at the low end and ... at the high end
200, 8000
... is measured in dB
Intensity
a vibration; a disturbance in the molecules of some kind of elastic medium (like air)
sound
vibrations move ... and they have elastic properties
molecules
you must have an ... to have a vibration
elastic medium (like air)
Can sound travel through gases, fluids, and solids?
yes
does sound travel faster in air or water
water
The greatest speech energy is created between ..
100-600 Hz
INTELLIGIBILITY of speech relayed mostly by ...
consonants (high frequencies)
ENERGY of speech relayed mostly by the ...
vowels (low frequencies)
the average intensity of speech is ...
45 dB HL
... are more intense than ...
vowels, consonants
the ... of speech is estimated to be from 30 to 40 dB
dynamic range
What are the 3 factors that influence sound in an enclosure?
noise, reverberation, distance
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