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AP Computer Science Principles Unit 1 UTeach

Terms in this set (23)

Algorithm
A set of steps that completes a task
Flowchart
Visual representation of the structure and organization of an algorithm
Sequence
Each step of an algorithm follows the previous step
Selection
Conditional situation where an algorithm decides which sequence of instructions to execute
Iteration
Completion and repetition of a sequence
Encryption/Encode and Decryption/Decode
protect and secure information by rendering the information unreadable and then readable again using a strategy
Caesar cipher
Offsetting the alphabet by a certain number to scramble the letters of a communication
Symmetric (single key) encryption
Use of the same key for encryption and decryption
Asymmetric (public key) encryption
Use of pairs of keys, public to many users and private to the owner, for encryption and decryption
Cybersecurity
Measures taken to protect a computer or computer system against unauthorized access or attack
Vigenere cipher
Rotates the Caesar cipher offset used to encrypt each new letter in a text
Confidentiality
Ability to limit access to information to a certain set of users
Secure Sockets Layer(SSL)
Process where secure information is sent with a lock; the lock is then used by the receiver of the information and sent back to the sender; the lock is then opened by the original sender
Integrity
Certainty that information is correct
Availability
Reliability of access to information
Distributed Denial of Service Attack (DDoS)
Multiple computers infected with malware coordinated to send requests to a web server at the same time
Social Engineering
Psychological manipulation of people into performing actions or divulging confidential information
Phishing
Masquerade as an official representative of an organization to ask or demand for confidential information
Malware
Malicious software
Ambiguity
A statement's meaning is open to interpretation
High Level Language
Well suited for human communication; complex and contain a high degree of abstraction
Low level Language
Optimized for machines; characterized by their discrete logic and highly structured circuitry
Moore's Law
The number of transistors that can fit on a chip roughly doubles every 1-2 years
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