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Computer Maintenance Chapter 4

Terms in this set (50)

What are the four general-purpose CPU registers?
AX, BX, CX, and DX
Al of the machine language commands that the CPU understands make up its _______________.
instruction set
3. How many clock cycles does the CPU require to act on a command?
At least two
One billion cycles per second is equivalent to _______________.
1 gigahertz
In today's computers, the CPU tells _______________ the clock speed it needs, and the clock chip then automatically adjusts for the CPU.
the motherboard
How many bits make up a byte?
8
Four bits make up a _______________.
nibble
A _______________ is made up of 64 bits.
quad word
Which component stores the data that the CPU actively uses?
RAM (Random Access Memory)
What type of RAM is used for main system memory?
DRAM (Dynamic RAM)
Which component requires a constant electrical charge and a periodic refresh of the circuits?
DRAM (Dynamic RAM)
What typically connects a CPU to RAM?
MCC (Memory Controller Chip)
What is equivalent to 1024 bytes?
1 kilobyte
Suppose the number of wires in a CPU's address bus is 20. What is the maximum amount of RAM the CPU can handle?
1,048,576 bytes
One megabyte is equivalent to _______________ bytes.
1,048,576
Intel's Pentium and Celeron series of CPUs are intended for which target market?
Budget Desktop PCs
Which CPU is targeted at the mobile device platform?
Intel Atom
What is an important difference between desktops and mobile devices in terms of CPU needs?
Mobile devices need to consume less electricity.
CPUs typically run at some factor of the clock speed. What makes this possible?
Multipliers
What newer technology automatically configures CPU multipliers and speeds?
CPUID (CPU identifier)
How much RAM can a 64-bit processor theoretically access?
16 EB
How much RAM can 32-bit processors access?
Up to 4 GB
What keeps every stage of the processor busy on every click of the clock, making a CPU run more efficiently without increasing the clock speed?
Pipelines
Which technology allows a computer to run more than one operating system at a time?
Virtualization
Newer CPUs process instructions and commands in what type of execution?
Parallel
What are the four stages of the pipelining process?
Fetch, Decode, Execute, and Write
No CPU ever made has fewer than _______________ stages, but advancements in caching have increased the number of stages over the years.
four
What term defines the first cache that the CPU uses?
L1 cache
What kind of RAM comprises cache?
SRAM (Static RAM)
What cache was historically on the motherboard, but now often comes on the CPU?
L2
What type of RAM is used in the CPU's cache?
SRAM (Static RAM)
Which cache on the CPU is used first?
L1
What is the biggest and slowest cache?
L3
Which technology effectively turns the CPU into two CPUs on one chip?
Multithreading
What is the practical limit for modern CPU clock speeds?
4 GHz
Because CPU makers cannot make the processors run much quicker, they instead _______________.
combine multiple CPUs on a single chip
In _______________, the cores in multicore CPUs to divide up work independently of the OS.
multicore processing
What chip, in modern CPUs, optimizes the flow of information into and out of the CPU?
IMC (Integrated Memory Controller)
Which type of processor is sometimes integrated with the CPU to handle certain tasks more efficiently, such as video processing?
GPU
What technology requires that the OS and applications be written specifically to handle multiple threads?
Hyper-threading
What type of socket package do AMD chips use?
PGA (Pin grid array)
Which type of socket package do Intel processors use?
LGA (Land grid array)
What type of socket is used to hold a CPU in place?
ZIF (Zero Insertion Force)
What type of socket does not require any force when installing the processor with the socket?
ZIF (Zero Insertion Force)
Which type of coolers are heat-sink and fan assemblies that are included with most Intel retail-boxed CPU?
OEM CPU coolers (Original Equipment Manufacturers CPU coolers)
What is applied to the CPU before attaching the heat-sink/fan assembly?
Thermal compound
What performance enhancement is accomplished through jumpers, CMOS settings, or software configuration?
Overclocking
What performance-enhancing technique usually voids most manufacturers' warranties?
Overclocking
A sudden CPU shutdown usually indicates what condition?
Overheating
What results from a catastrophic error on a PC?
Windows Stop error
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