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APUSH Unit 1 Test Fall 2012

Terms in this set (38)

Massachusetts Bay Colony
One of the first settlements in New England; established in 1630 and became a major Puritan colony. Became the state of Massachusetts, originally where Boston is located. It was a major trading center, and absorbed the Plymouth community
John Winthrop
Governor of Massachusetts Bay Colony, envisioned colony as a "city upon a hill"
Anne Hutchinson
Puritan dissenter banished from the Massachusetts Bay Colony who fled to Rhode Island in 1638
Half-way Covenant
A Puritan church document; In 1662, the Halfway Covenant allowed partial membership rights to persons not yet converted into the Puritan church; It lessened the difference between the "elect" members of the church from the regular members; Women soon made up a larger portion of Puritan congregations.
House of Burgesses
The first official legislative assembly in the Colonies
Bacon's Rebellion
Rebellion of discontent former landless servants led by Nathaniel Bacon. Though the rebellion was crushed, it caused a move from indentured servants to African slaves for labor purposes.
Benjamin Franklin
Printer, author, inventor, diplomat, statesman, and Founding Father. One of the few Americans who was highly respected in Europe, primarily due to his discoveries in the field of electricity.
First Great Awakening
Religious revival in the American colonies of the eighteenth century during which a number of new Protestant churches were established.
Jonathan Edwards
A Congregationalist preacher of the Great Awakening who spoke of the fiery depths of hell.
George Whitefield
Preacher who traveled throughout the colonies: He said the key test of election (salvation) is an emotional conversion experience
Maryland Act of Toleration
Act concerning religion; passed in 1649 by colonial assembly 'Province of Maryland' mandating religious toleration. CAlverts (founded Maryland) wanted to attract settlers= profitable. safe haven for catholics
mercantilism
an economic policy under which nations sought to increase their wealth and power by obtaining large amounts of gold and silver and by selling more goods than they bought
Albany Plan of Union
plan proposed by Benjamin Franklin in 1754 that aimed to unite the 13 colonies for trade, military, and other purposes; the plan was turned down by the colonies and the Crown
Treaty of Paris (1763)
Officially ended French/Indian war, Britain dominated
Proclamation of 1763
issued by King goege III following Great Britain's acquisition of French territory in North America after the end of the French and Indian War/Seven Years' War. organize Britain's vast new North American empire, and to stabilize relations with North American Indians through regulation of trade, settlement, and land purchases on the western frontier. forbade Americans from settling or buying land west of the Appalachians.
Navigation Acts
Laws that governed trade between England and its colonies. Colonists were required to ship certain products exclusively to England. These acts made colonists very angry because they were forbidden from trading with other countries.
Sugar Act 1764
placed a tax on molasses and sugar which was suppose to stop the smuggling and bribery that was associated with the tax on molasses
Non-importation Agreement
an agreement that pledged not to import or use goods imported from great britain
Stamp Act
A tax that the British Pariliament placed on newspapers and official documents sold in the American Colonies
Sons of Liberty
colonists, formed to keep colonies informed of events and organize protests against British (boycotts, riots, articles)
John Dickinson
delegate of Pennsylvania, who led a group that favored quick reconciliation with Great Britain as opposed to independence.
Boston Massacre
British soldiers fired into a crowd of colonists who were teasing and taunting them. Five colonists were killed. The colonists blamed the British and the Sons of Liberty and used this incident as an excuse to promote the Revolution.
Committees of Correspondence
A network of communicaiton set up in Massachusetts and Virginia to inform other colonies of ways that Britain threatened colonial rights
Intolerable Acts
in response to Boston Tea Party, 4 acts passed in 1774, Port of Boston closed, reduced power of assemblies in colonies, permitted royal officers to be tried elsewhere, provided for quartering of troop's in barns and empty houses
Second Continental Congress
It met in 1776 and drafted and signed the Declaration of Independence, which justified the Revolutionary War and declared that the colonies should be independent of Britain.
George Washington
Virginian, patriot, general, and president. Lived at Mount Vernon. Led the Revolutionary Army in the fight for independence. First President of the United States.
Washington's Farewell Address
he advised the nation to steer clear of permanent allies and he urged us to have as little connection as possible
Olive Branch Petition
On July 8, 1775, the colonies made a final offer of peace to Britain, agreeing to be loyal to the British government if it addressed their grievances (repealed the Coercive Acts, ended the taxation without representation policies). It was rejected by Parliament, which in December 1775 passed the American Prohibitory Act forbidding all further trade with the colonies.
Common Sense
A pamphlet written by Thomas Paine in 1776 to convince the colonists that it was time to become independent.
Richard Henry Lee's Resolution
Stated that the colonies should be independent and sever all political ties with Britain. It was adopted by Congress and was the first step towards independence.
Thomas Jefferson
Virginian, architect, author, governor, and president. Lived at Monticello. Wrote the Declaration of Independence. Second governor of Virgina. Third president of the United States. Designed the buildings of the University of Virginia.
Treaty of Paris (1783)
Ended the Revolution, recognized American Independence, granted all land south of Canada to Florida & Atlantic to Mississippi to Americans
Samuel de Champlain
Cartographer, explorer, governor of New France. The major role Champlain played in the St Lawrence River area earned him the title of "father of New France."
Treaty of Tordesillas
Set the Line of Demarcation which was a boundary established in 1493 to define Spanish and Portuguese possessions in the Americas.
French and Indian War
This struggle between the British and the French in the colonies of North America was part of a worldwide war known as the Seven Years' War.
Iroquois Confederation
a group of First Nations/Native Americans that originally consisted of five nations: the Mohawk, the Oneida, the Onondaga, the Cayuga, and the Seneca.
Townshend Acts
A tax that the British Parliament placed on leads, glass, paint and tea
Virtual Representation
George Grenville invoked this concept to explain why Parliament could legally tax the colonists even though the colonists could not elect any members of Parliament.
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