America's History 8th Edition Terms Chapter 4

Terms in this set (22)

Tenancy
The rental of property. To attract tenants in New York's Hudson River Valley, Dutch and English manorial lords granted long tenancy leases, with the right to sell improvements houses and barns, to the next tenant.
Competency
The ability of a family to keep a household solvent and independent and to pass that ability on to the next generation.
Household mode of production
The system of exchanging goods and labor that helped 18th New England free holders survive on ever shrinking farms as available land became more scarce.
Squatters
Someone who settles on land he or she does not own or rent. Many 18th century settlers established themselves on land before it was surveyed and entered for sale, requesting the first right to purchase he land when sales began.
Redemptioner
A common type of indentured servant in the middle colonies
Enlightenment
An intellectual movement of the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries marked by a celebration of the powers of human reason, a keen interest in science, the promotion of religious toleration, and a desire to construct governments free of tyranny.
Pietism
A Christian revival moment characterized by bible study the conversion experience and the individuals personal relationship with God.
Natural rights
Rights that people supposedly have under natural law. The Declaration of Independence of the United States lists life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness.
Deism
influenced by the spirit of rationalism, Desists believed that God, like a celestial clockmaker, had created a perfect universe and then had stepped back to let it operate according to natural laws.
Revival
The spark or renewal of a religious enthusiasm.
Old lights
Conservative ministers opposed to the passion displayed by evangelical preachers they preferred to emphasize the importance of cultivating a virtuous Christian life.
New lights
Evangelical preachers, many of them influenced by John Wesley, the founder of English Methodism, and Geroge Whitefield, the charasmastic itenerant preacher who brought his message to britians Americans Colonies. They decreied a Christian Faith that was merely intellectual and emphazised the importance of a spiritual rebirth.
Consumer revolution
An increase in consumption in English manufactures in Britian and the British coloneis fueled by the Industrial Revolution. Although the consumer revolutipm raised living standards, it landed many consumers and the colonies as a whole in debt.
Regulators
Landowning protestors who organized in North and South Carolina in the 1760'd and 1770's to demand that the eastern controlled government provide western districts with more courts, fairer taxation, and greater representation in the assembly.
Issac Newton
Used math and science in 1687 to explain the movement of the planets around the sun and inventing calculus in the process.
John Locke
this man was a writer during the reign of William and Mary. he wrote the 2 treatises of government. divine right of kings v. life, liberty and property. had 2 main points. 1) people in their regular state without government are in chaos. 2) said not one head of state rather unalienable rights and contractual agreement.
Benjamin Franklin
Printer, author, inventor, diplomat, statesman, and Founding Father. One of the few Americans who was highly respected in Europe, primarily due to his discoveries in the field of electricity.
Jonathan Edwards
an american theologian and congregational clergyman whose sermons stirred the religious revival called the GREAT AWAKENING known for siners in the hands of an angry god sermon.
George Whitefield
One of the preachers of the great awakening (key figure of "New Light"); known for his talented voice inflection and ability to bring many a person to their knees.
Tanaghrission
half king as well as Scarouady, the Iriquois sent these two native leaders to maintain influence on Ohio. They went to the native settlement of Logstown, a trading town in northern Ohio, Britian recognizing them as leaders.
William Pitt
A archietect and master strategist planned to criple France by seizing its colonies. Paying 1 million pounds a year for equipment and armory.
Pontiac
the Owatta Chief, led an uprising in Detroit, indians in the Great lakes and Ohio valley regions nearly seized every British military garrison and killed or captured more than 2,000 settlers.
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