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NUR 324 Lab Values

Terms in this set (79)

White Blood Cell Count
5,000- 10,000 mcg/L
Increased WBC
infection
Decreased WBC
bone marrow depression from chemotherapy, radiation, disease
Normal Hemoglobin A1C
<5% not diabetic
Diabetic Hemoglobin A1C goal
<7%
Diabetic Hemoglobin A1C poor control
>7%
Increased Hemoglobin A1C
poorly controlled diabetes
Blood glucose
70-110 mg/dL
Critically low blood glucose
<50 mg/dL
Critically high blood glucose
>450 mg/dL
Increased blood glucose
type 1 or type 2 diabetes
Glucocorticoids
pregnancy
Cushing's
Decreased Blood glucose
hypoglycemia
insulin reaction
too little food
increased exercise in diabetic
Men RBC
4.2-6.0 x 10^6/ mm^3
Men HCT
42-54%
Men HGB
14-18 g/dL
Women RBC
3.3-5.5 x 10^6/ mm^3
Women HCT
37-47%
Women HGB
12-16 g/dL
increased RBC, HCT, HGB
polycythemia, erythropoetin
increased HCT
loss of body fluids
decreased RBC, HCT, HGB
blood loss, anemia, bone marrow suppression, decreased RBC production, pregnacy
decreased HCT
overhydration
decreased HGB
sickle cell anemia
Platelet count
140-400 x 10^6/ mm^3
increased platelet count
malignant tumors
high altitude
decreased platelet count
decreased production from HIV, radiation, blood cancer, bone cancer
severe hemorrhage
sepsis
Urinanalysis pH
4.5-8
increased urine pH
Alkalosis from fruits/vegetable, bacterial UTI
decreased urine pH
acidosis: meats, eggs, e.coli UTI
Urinanalysis specific gravity
1.005-1.030
increased urine specific gravity
dehydration, increased ADH, dye used for testing
decreased urine specific gravity
diuretics, increased fluid intake, diabetes insipidus
Negatives in Urinanalysis
protein
sugar
ketones
nitrates
protein in urine
severe stress or PIH
sugar in urine
glycosuria: hyperglycemia, decreased renal threshold for glucose from diabetes or pregnancy
ketones in urine
diabetes, starvation, vomiting, protein diet
nitrates in urine
UTI
Blood urea nitrogen
8-20 mg/dL
increased BUN
kidney disease
decreased renal perfusion (shock, HF)
dehydration
high protein diet
decreased BUN
overhydration
pregnancy
liver failure
SIADH
malnutrition
Men Creatinine
0.7-1.4 mg/dL
Women Creatinine
0.5-1.1 mg/dL
Critical creatinine level
>10 mg/dL
BUN: Cr ratio
10:1 to 20:1
increased creatinine
impaired renal function from burns or infection
muscle disorders
catabolic states
CHF
dehydration
decreased creatinine
muscle atrophy
pregnancy
dialysis
Prothrombin time
11-13 seconds
INR
2.0-3.5
Critical INR level
>6.0 seconds
Well controlled anticoagulation therapy prothrombin time
1.5-2 x
Increased PT and INR
deficiency in coagulation factors
Vitamin K deficiency
liver disease
DIC
Warfarin
decreased PT and INR
eating foods high in vitamin K while on wafarin
Partial Thromboplastin Time (PTT)
60-70 seconds
Well controlled PTT anticoagulation therapy
1.5-2.5 x control
critical PTT level
>70 seconds
Activated PTT (APTT)
30-40 seconds
increased PTT
bleeding disorders
heparin
Sodium
134-145 mEq/L
increased sodium
Excessive sodium intake or decreased water intake
excessive water loss from DI, dehydration, N/V/D
Decreased sodium
excessive water in body (from SIADH, water intoxication, hypotonic IV fluid)
Addison's disease
Potassium
3.5-5.0 mEq/L
Increased potassium
excessive potassium intake or renal secretion impairment
K+ sparing diuretics
Ace inhibitors
Metabolic acidosis
decreased potassium
decreased intake of K+ from fasting
excessive loss from GI suctioning or K+ wasting diuretics
metabolic aklalosis
Magnesium
1.5-2.5 mEq/L
Increased magnesium
excessive Mg intake or renal excretion impairment
decreased magnesium
poor absorption of Mg from malnutrition
excessive loss from D/V
Chloride
95-105 mEq/L
increased chloride
hypernatremia or decreased serum bicarb levels
decreased chloride
loss of GI secretions
diuretic use
Calcium (total Ca++)
8.5-10.5 mg/dL
Calcium ionized
4.5-5.5mg/dL
increased calcium
hyperparathyroidism
immobilization
renal calculi
thiazide diuretics
antacid use
decreased calcium
hypoparathyroidism
chronic renal disease
pancreatitis
malnutrition
tetany
Phosphorus
2.8-4.5 mg/dL
increased phosphorus
hyperparathyroidism
renal failure
decreased phosphorus
hyperthyroidism
diuretics
antacid abuse
malabsorption/ malnutrition
tetany
Serum albumin
3.5-5 g/dL
increased albumin
falsely elevated from dehydration
decreased albumin
liver dysfunction
AIDS
renal dysfunction
severe burns
malnutrition
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