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WMS 8th Grade History: 1st QA

Terms in this set (51)

Indentured Servant
Colonists who received free passage to North America in exchange for working without pay for a certain number of years
Act of Toleration
a 1649 Maryland law that provided religious freedom for all Christians
Pennsylvania
1681- William Penn received a land grant from King Charles II, and used it to form a colony that would provide a haven for Quakers. This colony allowed religious freedom.
Georgia
It was founded by James Oglethorpe as a place for poor people to get a new start and as a buffer between Spanish Florida and The Carolinas.
Tidewater
a region of flat, low-lying plains along the seacoast. Good for growing crops.
Mercantilism
The system where colonies exist to provide wealth for their mother-countries. Selling more than you buy.
Sir Walter Raleigh
An English adventurer and writer,In 1585, Raleigh sponsored the first English colony in America on Roanoke Island in present-day North Carolina. It failed.
Jamestown
First permanent English settlement in America. Successful because they started growing tobacco
House of Burgesses
first form of representative government in America
Pilgrims
A member of the Separatist group that left England in the early 1600s to settle in the Americas.
Puritans
Left England to start reforming the church.
Tobacco
Saved Jamestown. Grown in the southern colonies. Required a lot of labor and that means a lot of slaves
What was the main reason that the colonies were set up?
The main goal of the English government was to make money.

Many of the first settlers came there because they were in because religious groups seeking religious freedom.
Proprietary Colony
A colony run by a proprietor, or owner.
Royal Colony
A colony under direct control of the king
The Great Awakening
This was a major religious revival in the colonies, which began in the 1730's with its leader being Jonathan Edwards. People could leave the past behind.
The Enlightenment
(1650-1800) the emergence of the belief that the power of human knowledge, reason ans science can improve human society. its scholars shared a critical style, a commitment to open-mindedness, and a hostility to authority
John Locke
17th century English philosopher who opposed the Divine Right of Kings and who asserted that people have a natural right to life, liberty, and property. He said that if the government didn't protect the people's rights the people should change or abolish the government.
Magna Carta
First document that limited the king's ability to tax English nobles and that guaranteed due process and a right to trial
William and Mary
King and Queen of England in 1688. With them, King James' Catholic reign ended. As they were Protestant, the Puritans were pleased because only protestants could be office-holders. Took power during the Glorious Revolution
The Glorious Revolution
When King James II lost his alias and Parliament invited his daughter Mary and her husband William came to power.
John Peter Zenger
Journalist who questioned the policies of the governor of New York in the 1700's. He was jailed; he sued, and this court case was the basis for our freedom of press. He was found not guilty.
Proclamation of 1763
A proclamation from the British government which forbade British colonists from settling west of the Appalacian Mountains, and which required any settlers already living west of the mountains to move back east.
Quartering Act
Required the colonials to provide food, lodging, and supplies for the British troops in the colonies.
Sons of Liberty
A radical political organization for colonial independence which formed in 1765 after the passage of the Stamp Act. They incited riots and burned the customs houses where the stamped British paper was kept. After the repeal of the Stamp Act, many of the local chapters formed the Committees of Correspondence which continued to promote opposition to British policies towards the colonies. The Sons leaders included Samuel Adams and Paul Revere.
The Boston Tea Party
Colonists in Boston throws millions of dollars of tea off of British ships in protest of their Tea Tax and Boston Massacre.
Intolerable Acts
A series of laws set up by Parliament to punish Boston for its protests against the British like the Boston Tea Party
Lexington and Concord
The first battles of the Revolution in which British general Thomas Gage went after the stockpiled weapons of the colonists in Concord, Massachusetts and then tried to move to Lexington and arrest colonial leaders.
Scots-Irish
A group of people from the Scottish lowlands, who migrated restlessly, moving to Ireland, and ending up in The Backcountry.
Albany Plan of Union
Plan proposed by Benjamin Franklin in 1754 that aimed to unite the 13 colonies for trade, military, and other purposes; the plan was turned down by the colonies and the Crown.
The Great Migration
1630-1640 when more than 20,000 settlers left England for the colonies
Navigation Acts
designed to ensure that England made money from its colonies' trade
Mayflower Compact
document created self-government and majority rule for the Pilgrims at Plymouth
New England Economy
fishing & timber
Breadbasket Colonies Economy
mainly grains, some fruits & vegetables too
Backcountry
dense forest in or near the Appalachian Mountains; wilderness
William Penn
founder of Pennsylvania
Quakers
Protestant dissenters
dissenter
a person who disagrees with an official church
French & Indian War
started by Washington who asked the french to leave the disputed territory, lead to a British victory, expanded land, brought about more native american conflicts
Parliament
lawmaking group in England
First Continental Congress
representatives who met in response to the Intolerable Acts. They agreed to start collecting taxes and start armies (militia) in each colony.
British Strategy
tighter control over the colonies. issued the Proclamation of 1763, Quartering Act, Sugar Act, Stamp Act, Declaratory Act, Townshend Act, Tea Act, Intolerable Acts
soldiers
at first, were untrained volunteers. after Valley Forge, they were trained by a German army officer
Hessian Mercenaries
professional soldiers hired to fight for a foreign country
continental soldiers
America's Patriot army during the Revolutionary War
Valley Forge
place in SE Pennsylvania where Washington's army camped during the winter of 1777-1778
Saratoga
turning point of the Revolutionary War
George Rogers Clark
frontiersman who helped defend the western fromtier
John Paul Jones
sea commander who volunteered to serve in Washington's army
Baron von Stueben
German army officer who gave Washington's army men some training on how to be skilled fighters
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