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patho class 3 Disorders of the Skeletal System, Metabolic and Rheumatic Disorders

Terms in this set (93)

Differentiate among the types of soft tissue injuries and describe the healing process of these types of injuries
A contusion
Hematoma
A contusion: is an injury, or bruise, that results from direct trauma and is usually caused by striking the body part against a hard object. The injured tissue undergoes a well-defined sequence of events including microscopic rupture of blood vessels and damage muscle cells.

Hematoma: A large area of local hemorrhage. The pain and swelling of a hematoma take longer to subside than those accompanying a contusion
Strain definition and manifestations
Involves muscle/tendon

Partial tear, often during muscle contraction

Risk increases with age b/c collagen fibres less elastic

Common in back, cervical spine, elbow, shoulder

Sports injuries: strains of muscle units around the hip, hamstring, and quadriceps commonly associated with athletic injuries

Manifestations
-Often no visible signs unless inflammation
-Pain
-Stiffness, swelling, tenderness
Sprain definition and manifestation
Tearing or rupture of supporting ligament or capsule surrounding joint
d/t abnormal/excess joint movement
common - ankles

Diagnosis
Not visible on X-ray unless bone fragment

Manifestations
Pain
Rapid swelling limits movement
Discoloration
Last longer than strain
Ankle joint most commonly involved
Strain/Sprain Healing
-Able to heal to original tensile strength
-Capillaries bring oxygen/nutrients
-Fibroblasts produce collagen, capillaries infiltrate the injured are during the initial healing process and supply the fibroblasts with the materials they need to produce large amounts of collagen.
-Collagen bundles strengthen over time
-Compression, accomplished through the use of adhesive wraps, helps to reduce swelling and provide support. Immobilization may be required for severe sprains, especially those severe enough to warrant surgical repair

Complications:
Contraction can pull healing apart and result is lengthened position upon final healing
Adhesions
Dislocations:
Abnormal displacement of articulating surfaces of joint. Usually follows severe trauma that disrupts the holding ligaments

Diagnosis
History, assessment, x-rays

Manifestation
Pain, Deformity, Limited movement. Treatment depends on the site, mechanism of injury, and associated injuries such as fractures.
Subluxation dislocations
Partial dislocation
Some surface contact
Common joint dislocations
Shoulder
Acromioclavicular
Congenital (inherited) dislocations
Hip or knee usual
Traumatic dislocations
MVA: Due to the direction of impact - hip
Athletics: May become recurrent - shoulder, knee
Fall: elderly population - wrist ankle
Pathologic dislocations
Complication of infection, rheumatoid arthritis, neuromuscular disease
Shoulder injury
Composed of three bones: Scapula, Clavicle, and Humerus
Clavicle fracture common d/t childhood falls/blow
Most resolve without surgery
Immobilize with sling

two kinds
Acromioclavicular joint
Glenohumeral joint
Acromioclavicular joint
Common athletic injury: Classic cause; direct blow to the acromion with the humerus in an adducted position. Can also be caused by indirect trauma, such as falling on an outstretched arm or elbow.
Glenohumeral joint
Very common dislocation: Most common to likely develop problems with instability. Fall on an outstretched arm or elbow to the posterior shoulder.
- When arm is extended
Rotator Cuff Injury:
• Function of cuff is to stabilize the humoral head against the glenoid
• shoulder joints are inherently unstable
Rotator Cuff Injury: Common resulting conditions: account for substantial majority of shoulder problems.
and manifestations
• Tendinitis
• Subacromial bursitis
• Partial/complete tears
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