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introduction to musical styles

Terms in this set (87)

Accompanied recitative

speechlike melody that is sung by a solo voice accompanied by the orchestra

Emotional states like joy, grief, and agitation represented in baroque music through specific musical languages.

second presentation of the subject in a fugue, usually in the dominat scale

a self-contained composition for solo voice, usually with instrumental accompaniment and usually found within the context of an opera, oratorio or cantata

baroque accompaniment made up of a bass part usually played by two instruments: a keyboard plus a low melodic instrument.

a bass line that provided a never-ending foundation, or "continuous" bass for the melody above.

in the exposition of the sonat form a section which leads from the first theme in the tonic or home key to the second theme which is in a new key.

Unaccompanied section of virtuoso display for the soloist in a concerto, usually appearing near the end of the first movement and sometimes in the last movement.

Fellowship or society of nobles, poets and composers who meet to compose opera

composition in several movements, usually written for chorus, one or more vocal soloists, and instrumental ensemble. the church cantata for the lutheran service in germany during the baroque period often includes chorales

male singer castrated before puberty to retain a high voice range; the most important category of vocal soloists in opera during the baroque period.

music using a small group of musicians, with one player to a part.

a hymn tune sung to a german religious text

chorale prelude

short composition for organ, based ona hymn tune and often used to remind the congregation of the melody before the hymn is sung

a group of singers perfgorming together, generally with more than one to a part. 2.) in jazz, a statement of the basic harmonic pattern or melody.

Baroque keyboard instrument in which sound is produced by means of brass blades striking strings, capable of making gradual dynamic changes, but within a narrow volume range.

in a sonata form movement, a concluding section following the recapitulation and rounding off the movement by repeating themes or developing them further

extended composition for instrumental soloist and orchestra, usually in three movements: 1 fast, 2 slow 3 fast

concerto grosso

composition for several instrumental soloists and small orchestra; common in late baroque music

melodic idea that accompanies a main theme

in a fugue, a melodic idea that accompanies the subject fairly constantly.

from the beginning; an indication usually meaning that the opening section of a piece is to be repeated after the middle section

aria in ABA form; after the b section the term da capo is written ; this means from the beginning and indicates a repetition of the opening A section

second section of a sonata form movement, in which themes from the exposition are developed and the music moves through several different keys

in opera, a piece performed by three or more solo singers

transitional section in a fugue between presentations of the subject, which offers either new material or fragments of the subject or countersubject

first section of a sonata form movement, which sets up a strong conflict between the tonic key and the new key; and between the first theme and the second themes.

bass part of a baroque accompaniment with figures above it indicating the chords to be played

french overture

comon opening piece in baroque suites, oratorios, and operas; usually in two parts: the first slow, with characteristic dotted rhythms, full of dignity and grandeur; the second quick and lighter in mood, often starting like a fugue.

polyphonic composition based on one maine theme, or subject.

variation form in which a musical idea in the bass is repeated over and over while the melodies above it continually change; common in baroque music.

dramatist who writes the libretto, or text, of an opera

text of an opera

minuet and trio

compositional form derived from a dance in three parts: minuet A, Trio B, minuet A. often used as the third movement of classical symphonies, string quartets, and other works, it is in triple meter time and usually in a moderate tempo.

fragment of a theme, or short musical idea that is developed within a composition.

piece that sounds fairly complete and independent but is part of a larger composition

drama that is sung to orchestral accompaniment, usually a large scale composition employing vocal soloists, chorus, orchestra, costumes and scenery.

large scale composition for chorus, vocal soloists, and orchestra, usually set to a narrative text, but without acting, scenery, or costumes; often based on biblical stories.

short musical composition purely orchestral, which opens an opera and sets the overall dramatic mood. orchestral introductions to later acts of an opera are called preludes.

short piece usually serving to introduce a fugue or another composition; a short piece for piano.

Third section of a sonata-form movement, in which the first theme, bridge, second theme, and concluding section are presented more or less as they were in the exposition, with one crucial difference: all the principal material is now in the tonic key.

vocal line in an opera,oratorio, or cantata that imitates the rhythms and pitch fluctuations of speech, often serving to lead into an aria.

In Italian, refrain, a repeated section of music usually played by the full orchestra (or tutti) in baroque compositions

ritornello form

Compositional form usually employed in the baroque concerto grosso, in which the tutti plays a ritornello, or refrain, alternating with one or more soloists playing new material.

compositional form featuring a main theme A that returns several times in alternation with other themes, such as A B A C A and A B a C a B a. rondo is often the form of the last movement in classical symphonies, string quartets, and sonatas.

compositional form in three parts A B A sometimes used as the third movement in classical and romantic symphonies, string quartets, and other works. A scherzo is usually in triple meter, with a faster tempo than a minuet.

secco recitative

Speechlike melody that is sung by a solo voice accompanied only by a basso continuo.

instrumental composition, light in mood, usually meant for evening entertainment

piece for a single soloist and orchestra

in baroque music, an instrumental composition in several movements for one to eight players. in music after the baroque period, an instrumental composition usually in several movements for one or two players

from of a single movement, consisting of three main sections: the exposition, where the themes are presented; the development, where themes are treated in new ways; and the reapitulation, where the themes return. A concluding section, the coda, often follows the recapitulation.

sonata - rondo form

compositional form that combines the repeating theme of rondo form with a development section similar to that in sonata form, outlined A B A - development - A B A

Compositional procedure used in fugues in which a subject is imitated before it is completed, one voice tries to catch the other

compositenfor two violins, a viola, and a cello; usually consisting of four movements.

the theme of a fugue

in baroque music, a set of dance inspired movements all written in the same key but differing in tempo, meter and character.

orchestral composition, usually in four movements, typically lasting between 20 and 45 minutes, exploiting the expanded range of tone color and dynamics of the orchestra.

terraced dynamics

abrupt alternation between loud and soft dynamic levels; characteristic of baroque music.

theme and variations

Form in which a basic musical idea (the theme) is repeated over and over and is changed each time in melody, rhythm, harmony, dynamics, or tone color. Used either as an independent piece or as one movement of a larger work.

Musical ornament consisting of the rapid alternation of two tones that are a whole or half step apart

baroque composition that has three melodic lines: two high ones, each played by one instrument; and a basso continuo, played by two instruments

in italian, all; the full orchestra or a large group of musicians contrasted with a smaller group often heard in baroque music.

how many movements are in a concerto from the classical period

what performance force would play a symphony

the predominant texture of the classical period is

in a symphony the minuet and trio is usally hear in which movement

what is a countermelody in the classical period

melodic idea that accompanies a main theme

in sonata form which section would have a bridge

in a symphony, the minuet and trio is usally hear in which movement

what is a countermelody in the classical period?

melodic idea that accompaines a main theme

in sonata form which section would have a bridge

write the sections of sonata form in the correct order

exposition
development
recapitulation
coda

variation form in which a musical idea in the bass is repeated over and over while the melodies aboce is continually change; common in baroque music refers to:

a __ is a polyphonic composition based on one main theme or __

the ___ overture is a common opening piece in baroque suites, oratorios and operas, featurin gdotted rhythms, grandeur, and possibly a fugal section

choose the three main keyboard instruments of the baroque period

organ, clavichord, harpsichord

baroque accompaniment made up of a bass part usually protrayed by two instruments: a keyboard plus a low melodic instrument describes

an oratorio features what types of performers?

chorus, orchestra, soloist

in an opera, a soloist will usually sing a __ imitating the rhtym and pitch fluctuations of speech, before sining an __ where they express their feelings

the definition in baroque music a set of dance inspired movements all written in the same key but differing in tempo meter and character refers to

how many movements are in a concerto from the classical period

what performance force would play a symphony

the predominant texture of the classical period is

in a symphony the minuet and trio is usually heard in which movement

what is a counter melody in the classical period

melodic idea that accompanies a main theme

in sonata form which section would have a bridge

exposition
development
recapitulation

write the sections of sonata form in the correct order.

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