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Escape and Avoidance

Terms in this set (20)

escape behavior
performance of the behavior terminates the aversive stimulus
avoidance behavior
performance of the behavior prevents an aversive stimulus from occurring
two-process theory of avoidance
proposes that avoidance behavior is the result of two distinct processes: 1) classical conditioning in which a fear response becomes elicited by a CS and 2)operant conditioning in which moving away from the CS is negatively reinforced by a reduction in fear
anxiety conservation hypothesis
avoidance responses usually occur so quickly that there is insufficient exposure to the CS for the conditioned fear to fully extinguish--that is a good deal of the conditioned fear is conserved because exposures to the CS are too brief for extinction to take place
one-process theory
the act of avoidance is negatively reinforced simply by the lower rate of aversive stimulation with which it is associated
specific-specific defense reaction theory
contends that many avoidance behaviors are actually elicited behaviors rather than operant behaviors
exposure and response prevention (ERP)
a method of treating OCD that involves prolonged exposure to the anxiety arousing event while not engaging in the compulsive behavior pattern
obsessions
persistent thoughts, impulses, or images
compulsions
repetitive, stereotyped actions
time-out
the loss of access to positive reinforcers for a brief period of time following the occurrence of a problem behavior
response cost
the removal of a specific reinforcer following the occurrence of a problem behavior
intrinsic punishment
punishment that is an inherent aspect of the behavior being punished; activity itself is punishing
extrinsic punishment
punishment that is not an inherent aspect of the behavior being punished, but simply follows the behavior; the activity is followed by a separate event that serves to punish the activity
primary punisher
an event that is innately punishing; events that we are born to dislike
secondary punisher
an event that has become punishing because it has in the past been associated with some other punisher
generalized punisher
an event that has become punishing because it has in the past been associated with many other punishers
conditioned suppression theory of punishment
assumes that punishment does not weaken a behavior but instead produces an emotional response that interferes with the occurrence of the behavior
avoidance theory of punishment
holds that punishment actually involves a type of avoidance conditioning in which the avoidance response consists of any behavior other than the behavior being punished
Premack Principle of punishment
a low probability behavior can be used to punish a high probability behavior
learned helplessness
a decrement in learning ability that results from repeated exposure to uncontrollable aversive events
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