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Reproduction

Terms in this set (17)

What are the roles of testosterone in males?
Pre-natal development of genitalia and development of secondary sexual characteristics
Roles of epididymis, seminal vesicle, prostate gland
- Epididymis: maturation of sperm
- Seminal Vesicle: production of fructose
- Prostate Gland: production of a fluid containing alkaline minerals
What is the role of HCG in early pregnancy?
- It prevents the degeneration of the corpus luteum
- It stimulates ovarian estrogen and progesterone secretion
Oogenesis
- One egg is produced per meiosis every 28 days
- final cells are not all the same size
Spermatogenesis
- Four sperms are produced per meiosis
- final cells are a similar size
What is the role of FSH in spermatogenesis?
It stimulates the action of testosterone on the Sertoli cells
What is the role of testosterone in spermatogenesis?
It stimulates Sertoli cells
Sequence of operations during IVF treatment?
FSH injections -> egg collection -> fertilization
What is the consequence of insufficient secretion of FSH in women?
Mature eggs (oocytes) are not produced
What are the levels of the hormones estrogen, progesterone, LH, and FSH during the menstrual cycle at the time of ovulation?
- Estrogen: high
- Progesterone: low
- LH: high
- FSH: high
Sequence of hormones reaching their maximum level
FSH, estrogen, LH, progesterone
Outline the roles of FSH in the menstrual cycle
FSH stimulates follicle development and estrogen secretion by the follicle in the ovary
Suggest how FSH secretion could be inhibited during pregnancy
During pregnancy, there are high levels of progesterone and estrogen, which inhibit the production of FSH
Outline the role of LH after ovulation
Formation of the corpus luteum
List two roles of testosterone in males
1. Pre-natal development of male genitalia
2. Development of male secondary sexual characteristics, such as deepening of the voice
Outline the process of in vitro fertilization
Drugs are used to stop the menstrual cycle and FSH is injected to stimulate the development of follicles. HCG is objected to cause the follicles to mature. Eggs are harvested and extracted from the follicles in the ovaries and sperm samples are collected. Semen is processed so that it can be concentrated and it is nice with the eggs in a dish outside of the body. Fertilization occurs and after 48 hours of the formation of the embryo, it is placed back into the uterus where normal pregnancy can occur.
Outline the roles of progesterone and estrogen in the human menstrual cycle
FSH stimulates the secretion of estrogen. A rapid increase in estrogen stimulates the production of LH and FSH. Estrogen also stimulates repair and thickening of the endometrium lining in the uterus. LH causes follicles to produce less estrogen and more progesterone. Corpus luteum secrets more estrogen and progesterone. Progesterone also stimulates the thickening of the endometrium lining. Estrogen and progesterone both inhibit the secretion of LH and FSH and their levels fall after day 21-24 if there is no fertilization. Lower concentration of estrogen and progesterone allows disintegration of endometrium, which leads to menstruation
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