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Lesson 4: Water, Air, and Life

Terms in this set (38)

what happens to the temperature as you ascend in the layer
The layers of Earth's atmosphere are differentiated from one another based upon
atmosphere
a mixture of gases that surrounds a planet, such as Earth
biosphere
the part of Earth where life exists
condensation
the change of state from a gas to a liquid
conduction
the transfer of energy as heat through a material
convection
the movement of matter due to differences in density that are caused by temperature variations; can result in the transfer of energy as heat
evaporation
the change of state from a liquid to a gas
fresh water
water that contains insignificant amounts of salts, as in rivers and lakes
greenhouse effect
the warming of the surface and lower atmosphere of earth that occurs when carbon dioxide, water vapor, and other gases in the air absorb and reradiate infrared radiation
ozone
a gas molecule that is made up of three oxygen atoms
precipitation
any form of water that falls to the earth's surface from the clouds; includes rain, snow, sleet, and hail
radiation
the energy that is transferred as electromagnetic waves, such as visible light and infrared waves
salinity
a measure of the amount of dissolved salts in a given amount of liquid
stratosphere
the layer of the atmosphere that lies between the troposphere and the mesosphere and in which temperature increases as altitude increases; contains the ozone layer
troposphere
the lowest layer of the atmosphere, in which temperature drops at a constant rate as altitude increases; the part of the atmosphere where weather conditions exist
water cycle
the continuous movement of water between the atmosphere, the land, and the oceans
Earth's atmosphere
planet's atmosphere where water-cycle weather occurs
Mercury's atmosphere
planet's atmosphere where it's entirely gone
Mar's atmosphere
planet's atmosphere that's mostly gone; formerly much more active
Jupiter's atmosphere
planet's atmosphere that's very thicc; most of the planet is atmosphere
nitrogen and oxygen
Which two gases make up about 99% of Earth's atmosphere?
What causes most of the movement of energy and matter in the atmosphere?
differential heating by the sun's rotation
keeps Earth's surface warm enough to support life
The benefit of the greenhouse effect is that it _________.
cloudy skies and a sea breeze
At 3:15 one afternoon, the temperature over the land reaches its highest value for the day — about 89°F. The temperature over the adjacent water is about 72°F. What would the expected weather conditions be at this time?
sublimation
Which of the following is NOT one of the major processes of the water cycle?
sublimation
condensation
precipitation
inland on continents
Where are most of the hottest and coldest places on Earth located?
water falling on land dissolves salts and runs off into the sea, where the salt is concentrated by evaporation
Ocean water is salty because __________.
cold currents rise
Which of the following statements about ocean currents is false?
Cold currents rise.
Cold currents sink.
Warm currents rise.
carbon dioxide
What gas do animals exhale as a byproduct of cellular respiration?
biosphere
Which part of Earth encompasses all areas where organisms can obtain the energy they need?
pacific ocean
What is the second largest ocean on Earth?
three
How many oxygen atoms are there in a molecule of ozone?
pressure
In the troposphere, which of the following does NOT decrease as altitude increases?
ultraviolet radiation
What does the ozone layer absorb?
plants
Which of the following are producers of oxygen?
3.5%
The average salinity of seawater by weight is _____.
ice caps and glaciers
In which of the following geological features is the majority of the fresh water on Earth located?
ocean floor
Deep currents flow along the __________.
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