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Computer Science Exam 2 chapter 5

Terms in this set (43)

Chapter 5 Operating System
Chapter 5 Operating System
system software
software that makes a computer run
the Operating Software (OS)
the most important type of system software because it provides the user with the interface to communicate with the hardware and other software on the computer and manages system resources

without this, a computer is useless
user interface
part of the operating system that you see and interact with
graphical user interface (GUI)
this interface enables you to point to and click on graphic objects such as icons and buttons to initiate commands
command line interface
this is the interface that older operating systems used
to allow the user control the computer
what is the basic function of all user interface
multitasking
the ability to do more than one task at a time
Plug and Play (PnP)
this allows you to easily add new hardware to a computer system

when you plug in a new piece of hardware, the OS detects it and helps you set it up
device driver
acts as a translator, enhancing the capabilities of the operating system by enabling it to communicate with hardware

it's what allows you to expand your computer with a new hardware
application programming interface (API)
allows the application to request services (such as printing or saving a file) from the operating system.

This lets a computer programmer write a program that will run on computers with different hardware configurations by sending such service requests to OS to handle
system resources; memory and processing
The OS manages the ______________; __________ and ___________
Microsoft Windows
the most common desktop operating system
OS X
Apple's operating system

It was first released in 2001 as Mac _________, also called Cheetah
Linux
Unlike Windows and Mac, this OS doesn't refer to a single OS but rather many different versions or distributions that use the same kernel, or core OS.

It was first developed in 1991. It was designed to be similar to UNIX

open source. distributed as part of may versions or distros
UNIX
a multiuser OS developed in the 1970s that is still used on servers and some specialized workstations
beta version (beta software)
this version of a program is a pre-release version that is provided to some users and developers to preview and test before final version is released
settings windows
enables you to change many common settings on your system. it helps to configure user accounts, privacy settings, and accessibility settings
Control Panel
gives you access to even more options to configure, monitor, or troubleshoot settings, hardware, and software

Microsoft Windows settings can be changed here
control panel applets
the programs that make up Control Panel
system preferences
___________________ in OS X are grouped into rows. you can configure hardware settings, manage user accounts, and customize the way your computer looks and responds

OS X settings are managed here
user account
grants user access to the system and enables you to keep your files private and set restrictions on what other users can do.
group policies
_____________________ can be used by IT staff to configure settings (247)
Embedded operating systems
devices such as ATM machines, GPS, video game consoles, ultrasound machines, and communication and entertainment system in automobile run ________________________. They are very small and able to run on simple hardware.
mobile operating systems
mobile devices such as smartphones and tablets run embedded __________________________.
iOS
The iPhone, iPad, and iPod Touch run _____________ operating system. It's a scaled down version of Mac OS X.
Android
_____________ is an embedded version of Linux that runs on many phones and tablet.
client-server network
in business or school environment, a network centralizes resources, storage, and security in a __________________.

A network that has at least one server at its center.

Users log in to the network instead of their local computers and are granted access to resources based on that log in.
network operating system
a multiuser operating system that controls the software and hardware running on a network. it allows multiple computers ----- clients ------- to communicate with the server and each other to share resources, run applications, and send messages
peer to peer network (P2P)
the network you set up at home

it doesn't require an NOS
Windows, UNIX, Linux
the most common NOS
Utility software
this type of software helps you maintain your computer and is also considered system software
Formatting


formatted, tracks
_______________ a disk prepares it to store files by dividing it into tracks and sectors and setting up the file system.

When a hard disk is ____________, a set of concentric circles called _________ ared created
clusters
the files you save to your disk are found here. it consists of one or more sectors

this physical low-level formatting occurs when the disk is manufactured
high level formatting

file system
the second part of formatting (think of this like a library full of empty bookshelves)

it sets up the __________________ of the disk (think of it as a library catalog)
file fragmentation
files that are fragmented are broken into small pieces that are stored in nonadjacent or noncontagious clusters on the disk
disk defragmenter
a utility that rearranges the fragmented files on your disk to improve efficiency

you should not run this on a SSD because it will shorten its life
firewall
this software blocks unauthorized access to a computer
malware
a computer program that's designed to be harmful or malicious, such as virus, worm, or spyware
antivirus program
program that protects a computer against viruses
antispyware software
prevents adware and spyware infections
to prepare it to hold data
what's the point of formatting?
NTSF
the file system used on Windows-formatted hard drives. HFS+ is the file system used on Mac
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