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History Chapter 3 Key terms and People

Terms in this set (34)

Calvinism
A body of religious teachings based on the ideas of the reformer John Calvin.
Predestination
Calvin's religious theory that God has already planned out a person's life.
conversion
When your life is changed by giving yourself to God
seperatist
puritans who broke away from the Church of England
Mayflower compact
A document written by the Pilgrims establishing themselves as a political society and setting guidelines for self-government.
Massachusetts Bay colony
Colony founded in 1630 by John Winthrop, part of the Great Puritan Migration, founded by puritans. Had a theocratic republic.
Great English Miragation
...
Antinomianism
Belief that the elect need not obey the law of either God or man; most notably espoused in the colonies by Anne Hutchinson
Fundamental orders
The first constitution written in North America; granted ALL adult males to vote not just church going land owners as was the policy in Massachutes
Pequot War
The Bay colonists wanted to claim Connecticut for themselves but it belonged to the Pequot. The colonists burned down their village
King Phillip's War
War between the Native American tribes of New England and British colonists. The war was the result of tension caused by encroaching white settlers. The chief of the Wampanoags, (metacom) King Philip lead the natives.
New England Confederation
New England colonists formed the New England Confederation in 1643 as a defense against local Native American tribes and encroaching Dutch. The colonists formed the alliance without the English crown's authorization. (MA, CT, NY, NJ)
English civil war
featured religious disputes mixed with constitutional issues concerning the powers of the monarchy; ended with restoration of the monarchy in 1660 following execution of previous king (made it so the colonies were left all on their own)
Dominion of New England
The British government combined the colonies of Massachusetts, Rhode Island, New Hampshire, and Connecticut into a single province headed by a royal governor (Andros).
Navigation Laws
A series of strict British trade policies designed to promote English shipping & control colonial trade in regard to important crops (such as tobacco) & resources, which had to be shipped exclusively on British ships.
Glorious revolution
A reference to the political events of 1688-1689, when James II abdicated his throne and was replaced by his daughter Mary and her husband, Prince William of Orange. 1688
Salutary neglect
An English policy of not strictly enforcing laws in its colonies
Patroonships
Vast tracts of land along the Hudson River in New Netherlands granted to wealthy promoters in exchange for bringing fifty settlers to the property.
Quakers
Protestant reformers who believe in the equality of all people
Blue law
Laws restricting activity on Sundays like games and laughing to much
Martin Luther
95 Thesis, posted in 1517, led to religious reform in Germany, denied papal power and absolutist rule. Claimed there were only 2 sacraments: baptism and communion.
John Calvin
Developed the Christian theology known as Calvinism. Attracted Protestant followers with his teachings.
William Bradford
A Pilgrim, the second governor of the Plymouth colony made major improvements to the colony (founder)
John Wintrop
First governor of the Massachusetts Bay Colony.
Anne Hutchinson
A Puritan woman who was well learned that disagreed with the Puritan Church in Massachusetts Bay Colony. Her actions resulted in her banishment from the colony, and later took part in the formation of Rhode Island.
Roger Williams
A dissenter who clashed with the Massachusetts Puritans over separation of church and state and was banished in 1636, after which he founded the colony of Rhode Island to the south
Massasoit
- Leader of the Wampanoag trib
Metacom
Aka King Philip, Native American ruler, who in 1675 led attack on colonial villages throughout Massachusetts
Charles II of England
After the Revolution, the people do not like being a republic so they bring back Charles II who married Catherine of Braganza but has no heir so his younger brother James who is catholic succeeds him so they choose William and Mary instead
William III and Mary II
rulers of great britain who replaced king james II as a result of the glorious revolution--> liked the colonies and wanted them to prosper
Henry Hudson
English navigator who discovered the Hudson River and DE bay
Peter Stuyvesant
The governor of the Dutch colony of New Amsterdam, They surrendered the colony to the English
Duke of York
King Charles II's brother, who drove the Dutch out of New Netherlands (founder of New York)
William Penn
A Quaker that founded Pennsylvania to establish a place where his people and others could live in peace and be free from persecution.
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