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Ways of the World Chapter 13

Terms in this set (31)

Australia
'Paleolithic' people in this region practiced hunting/gathering even in the 1400s. Though nearby neighbors practiced agriculture, people of this region found other ways to master the environment, such as 'firestick farming'.
Northwest Coast
'Paleolithic' people in this part of America also practiced hunting/gathering and lived in a bounteous environment, yet they were unique in that they had permanent village settlements and a complex society.
Yoruba
this Nigerian agricultural village society created city-states, each ruled by a king (oba), many of whom were women and who performed both religious and political functions
Benin
this Nigerian AVC was a centralized territorial state ruled by a warrior king named Ewuare
Igbo
this Nigerian AVC had dense population and trade, but purposely rejected kingship and state building
Iroquoise League of Five Nations
warfare triggered the creation of this based on an agreement called the Great Law of Peace in what is now New York
Timur (Tamerlane)
A Turkic warrior who attempted to restore the Mongolian Empire
True
True or false: after Timur, the steppe nomads never produced any major long-lasting empire again
Fulbe
West Africa's largest pastoral society--in eastward migrations adopted Islam; jihads
Ming Dynasty
When did these happen?
a. effort to eliminate all signs of foreign rule
b. promotion of Confucian learning
c. Emperor Yongle (r. 1402-1422) sponsored an 11,000-volume Encyclopedia summarizing all the wisdom of the past
d. The civil service exam system was reestablished
Zheng He
Muslim eunuch who commanded a massive Chinese fleet in many expeditions to enroll other people in the C. tribute system
Renaissance
'rebirth', reclamation of classical Greek traditions
naturalism
describes a type of literature that attempts to apply scientific principles of objectivity and detachment to its study of human beings.
humanism
a renaissance intellectual movement in which thinkers studied classical texts and focused on human potential and achievements
The Prince
Written by Machiavelli, described that power is more important, "better to be feared than loved"
Vasco de Gama
sailed around Africa to India
Europeans
who voyaged seeking wealth, converts, allies in Crusades against Islam?
Ottoman Empire
Which Islamic empire?
a. huge territory: Anatolia, eastern Europe, much of Middle East, North African coast, lands around Black Sea
b. sultans claimed the title "caliph" and the legacy of the Abbasids
c. effort to bring new unity to the Islamic world
Safavid Empire
Which Islamic empire?
a. emerged in Persia from a Sufi religious order
b. empire was established shortly after 1500
c. imposed Shia Islam as the official religion of the state
Songhay Empire
Which Islamic empire?
a. rose in West Africa in the second half of the fifteenth century
b. Islam was limited largely to urban elites
c. Sonni Ali (r. 1465-1492) followed Muslim practices, but was also regarded as a magician with an invisibility charm
d. Major center of Islamic learning/trade
Mughal Empire
Which Islamic empire?
a. in India; was created by Turkic group that invaded India in 1526
b.over the sixteenth century, Mughals gained control of most of India
c. effort to create a partnership between Hindus and Muslims
d. Hindu kingdom of Vijayanagara continued to flourish in the south
Ottoman, Christians
The Mughal Empire's attempt to blend Hinduism/Islam is similar to ___________ empire's attempt to accomodate ___________s.
Southeast Asia
by 15th century, in Muslim hands; many Muslim traders; Malacca became especially important here
Triple Alliance
Mexica and two other city-states united
Mexica
Which people...
a. were a seminomadic people who migrated southward from northern Mexico
b. established themselves on an island in Lake Texcoco by 1325
c. built themselves up and established capital city of Tenochtitlán
Aztec Empire
Which empire?
a. population of 5-6 million
b. conquered peoples paid regular tribute
c. Tenochtitlán had 150,000-200,000 people
d. local and long-distance trade on a vast scale
e. loosely structured, unstable, conquest state, rebellions
Quechua
language of Incas
Inca Empire
Which empire?
a. emperor was an absolute ruler regarded as divine
b. state theoretically owned all land and resources
c. around 80 provinces, each with an Inca governor
d. subjects grouped into hierarchical units of people (10, 50, 100, 500, etc.), at least in the central regions
e. inspectors checked up on provincial officials
f. population data was recorded on quipus (knotted cords)
g. massive resettlement program moved much of the population
False
True or False: The Aztec Empire was far more bureaucratic than the Inca Empire, which relied on much conquest and experienced many rebellions
mita
labor service for the Inca state
gender parallelism
What term is described below?
1. women and men operated in "separate but equivalent spheres"
2. parallel religious cults for women and men
3. parallel hierarchies of female and male political officials (especially among Incas)
4. women's household tasks were not regarded as inferior
5. still, men had top positions in political and religious life
. glorification of the military probably undermined gender parallelism
7. Inca ruler and his wife governed jointly, were descended from sun and moon, respectively
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