Upgrade to remove ads
Only $2.99/month

Honors Biology: Enzymes (Concept Map + More)

Terms in this set (25)

Enzymes are classified as . . .
proteins
Enzyme proteins act as . . .
biological catalysts in living organisms
Catalysts
- anything that speeds something up
3 important characteristic of enzymes are . . .
1. Specific (1000s of enzymes; specific to one function)
2. Efficient
3. Sensitive
Enzymes require optimal . . .
1. pH
2. temperature
Less optimal conditions for enzymes could result in . . .
denaturation
Enzymes speed up chemical reactions by . . .
LOWERING the activation energy of the reaction
Activation energy
- energy required for reaction to occur
- the minimum quantity of energy that the reacting species must possess in order to undergo a specific reaction
Enzymes have a specific site called . . .
the active site
The active site is able to bond with . . .
substrates (reactants)
Once substrates bound to active sites, the active site will . . .
change shape and pulls the substrates (reactants) together
As a result of substrates bounding in active sites . . .
the reaction occurs faster + more efficient
The model that shows the active site bounding to the substrates is called . . .
Induced model fit
The model is called an induced model fit because . . .
it changes shape when the enzyme binds which enables the reaction time to occur
Required level of structure for an enzyme
Globular tertiary structure
Sucrase
speeds up sucrose reactions
Substrate
- reactants
Active site
- able to bind with substrates of a chemical reaction
Cofactors
- additional group attached to enzymes
- enhances enzymes activity
- can be vitamins or organic elements
Inhibitors
- substances that can stop enzymes from functioning by attaching themselves to the active site
- Competitive, noncompetitive, allosteric
Competitive Inhibitors
- blocks the active sites
- competes for the active sites
Noncompetitive Inhibitors
- attaches to a site, but not an active site
- causes the reaction time to slow down
Allosteric Inhibitors
- completely damages the active site
- enzyme can't function afterwards
Lead affects . . .
- the brain cells (brain cells don't replicate)
- why an inhibitor
Denaturation for enzymes does what to the enzyme?
- Makes the enzyme lose its structure meaning no active site
- No active site means no chemical reaction
THIS SET IS OFTEN IN FOLDERS WITH...