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English III

Terms in this set (24)

Name Calling
Ties the person or cause to negative idea or symbol. The audience will reject the person or idea from seeing a negative symbol instead of looking at available evidence.
Glittering Generalities
The use of words that cause the audience to approve and accept without examining the evidence. Makes the audience less suspicious.
Transfer
Carrying over authority, sanction, and prestige of something we respect and revere.
Testimonial
The celebrity endorsement of a philosophy, movement, candidate, or product. Even just the use of a photograph will work. We need to determine whether the individual is qualified to make such a testimony.
Plain Folks
Used to convince the audience that the ideas or products are "of the people". This technique tries to identify with the common person from all walks of life.
Bandwagon
This is the idea that "everyone is doing it, so the audience should, too". Appeals to the conformist in everyone because no one wants to be left out.
Fear
The idea is to present a dreaded circumstance and usually follow it up with a solution to avoid the horrible event.
Euphemisms
Changing the name of something to lessen the seriousness of it.
Logical Fallacies
Applying logic, one can usually draw a conclusion from one or more established premises. With logical fallacies, the premises may be accurate but the conclusion is not.
Logical Fallacies
Errors in Reasoning
Hasty Generalization
The leap to a generalized conclusion based on only a few instances.
Post Hoc
Literally means 'after this'- an assumption that one thing causes another simply because it happened prior to the other.
Emotive Fallacies
Replacing logic with emotional manipulation
Ad populum
Literally means 'to the people'- the association of a person with values that are held by members of a target group (a flag= patriotism)
Argument from outrage
the backbone of talk radio and political rhetoric loaded language and labels, scapegoating
Appeal to Pity
The attempt to use compassion or pity to replace a logical argument
Scare Tactics
Appeal to fear in place of logic
Rhetorical Fallacies
Sidestepping logic with language
Straw Man
Distorted representation of a position that is easily refuted
Genetic Fallacy
Literally means 'to the man'- attacks against a person rather than the ideas that a person represents
Red herring/Smoke Screen
Answering the question by changing the subject
Slippery Slope
One action will lead to an inevitable and undesirable outcome
Either/Or
(false dilemma) a conclusion that oversimplifies the argument by suggesting that there are only 2 possible sides
Propaganda
Persuasive techniques applied by politicians, advertisers, journalists, radio personalities and others who are interested in influencing human behavior.
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