Milady's Esthetics Chapter 9- Vitamins & Minerals

Vitamin D
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Vitamin D
Vitamin D sometimes called the "sunshine vitamin" because the skin synthesizes vitamin D from cholesterol when exposed to sunlight. Minimum amounts of sunlight are all that is needed for vitamin D synthesis.
The Function of Vitamin D
The main function of vitamin D is to enable the body to properly absorb and use calcium, the element needed for proper bone development and maintenance.
Vitamin D Promotes Healing
Vitamin D also promotes healthy, rapid healing of the skin. Because vitamin D helps to support the bone structure of the body, it is found in many fortified foods and dietary supplements. Dietary sources of fortified milk, fish oils, egg yolks, and butter.
Foods from Plants
Foods from plants is not a good source of vitamin D. Some skin care companies are including vitamin D in their topical formulas for skin health improvements and as an antioxidant as well.
Vitamin D Deficiency
Deficiencies in vitamin D result in a condition called rickets, which is seen in children. Children with rickets do not develop bones normally.
Osteomalacia
In adults, vitamin D deficiency results in a condition called osteomalacia, or adult rickets, which is the gradual softening and bending of bones. This disease is more common with women than men, and it often first develops during pregnancy.
Osteoporosis
Osteoporosis is a reduction in the quality of bone or atrophy of the skeletal tissue. It is an age-related disorder affecting 20 million Americans, 80 percent of them women age 45 and older. Lack of vitamin D is a contributory cause of the disorder.
Psoriasis
Psoriasis also appears to be linked to deficiency of vitamin D.
Vitamin D Toxic Symptoms
Vitamin D is stored in the body, so it is possible though rare to have toxic symptoms from too much vitamin D. It is mostly from taking too many vitamin D supplements.
Vitamin E- Tocopherol
Vitamin E also known as Tocopherol is primarily an antioxidant. Antioxidants are important in protecting the body from damage caused by free radicals " the wild molecules that steal electrons from other molecules".
TocopherolTocopherol helps to stop free radicals so that cell membranes are not damaged. Continual damage from free radicals is associated with many diseases, tumor formation, and the aging process of the body as well as the skin.Vitamin E ProtectsVitamin E generally works to protect many tissues of the body from damage so that they can function normally.Vitamin E used in Conjunction with Vitamin AHelps protect the skin from harmful effects of the sun's rays. Vitamin E also helps heal damage to tissues when used internally and externally. When used externally in topical lotions or creams, vitamin E may help heal structural damage to the skin, including burns and stretch marks.Vitamin E as an AntioxidantVitamin E is excellent as an antioxidant and as a preservative in skin care products.Vitamin E SourcesSources of vitamin E are found in oils and seed oils "safflower oil is very high in vitamin E"; green leafy vegetables; and avocados, wheat germ, egg yolks, and butter.Vitamin KVitamin K is essential for the synthesis of proteins necessary for blood coagulation. Coagulation is the clotting factor that allows bleeding to stop.Vitamin K TopicallyVitamin K applied topically in skin care products has been shown to improve the appearance and the presence of abnormal capillaries, or spider veins, by strengthening capillary walls.Vitamin K SourcesVitamin K is found in beans; dark, leafy vegetables such as spinach, broccoli; and egg yolks.Deficiencies in Vitamin KAlthough rare, deficiencies result in hard-to-control bleeding and can be related to certain disorders that prevent proper absorption of fats by the intestines.Water-Soluble VitaminsWater soluble vitamins, B and C, benefit the inside of cells. Water-soluble vitamins do not stay in the body very long. The body must have regular supplies of the water-soluble vitamins because they are used in almost every metabolic reaction and are excreted- and not retained-by the body.Water Soluble Vitamins SourcesMost of these are obtained through many foods.B VitaminsThere are eight B Vitamins: B-Complex "Niacin", B1 "Thiamine", B2 "Riboflavin", B6 "Pyridoxine", B7 "Biotin", B12 "Colbalamine", Folic Acid "Folacin", and B15 "Pantothenic Acid".B Vitamins and Enzymatic ReactionsThese vitamins interact with other water-soluble vitamins and act as coenzymes "catalysts" to facilitate enzymatic reactions.B-Complex-NiacinIs a necessary part of many metabolic reactions. Most of these complex reactions are important in the release of energy from carbohydrates. Niacin is required by the body for manufacturing steroids as well as red blood cells.B-Complex-Niacin SourcesProteins are the best source of niacin: peanuts, beans, milk, eggs, and meats. Some niacin is found in whole-grain products and in enriched foods.B-Complex-Niacin DeficiencyPellagra is a disease associated with a niacin deficiency. Pellagra can affect the skin, mental functions, the intestinal tract, and can cause death.Vitamin B2- RiboflavinIs a water-soluble vitamin that works with enzymes to produce energy in cells. Cells use vitamin B2 to manufacture various amino acids and fatty acids.Vitamin B2-Riboflavin SourcesVitamin B2 is found in milk; meats; liver; dark green leafy vegetables; broccoli; eggs; and salmon and tuna. Grains and bread are often fortified with riboflavin.Deficiencies in B2-RiboflavinDeficiencies can result in retarded growth, nerve tissue damage, dryness of the skin, and cracks at the corners of the mouth, known as Cheilosis "chay-low-sis".Vitamin B1-ThiamineThiamine removes carbon dioxide from cells and converts carbohydrates to be stored as fat.Vitamin B1-Thiamine SourcesVitamin B1 is found in pork, beef, fortified cereals, whole wheat products, and nuts.Deficiency in B1-ThiamineBeriberi is the disease caused by B1 deficiency. Beriberi affects the nervous system, and it can slow the heart rate as well as cause mental dysfunction. In children, it can stunt growth. Vitamin B1 deficiency can also be caused by alcohol abuse.Vitamin B6-PyridoxineIs important in the metabolism of proteins, both breaking down and reconstructing amino acids as needed by the body.Vitamin B6- PyridoxineSeveral important chemicals, including histamine, are produced in conjunction with vitamin B6. Research has shown vitamin B6 can help improve the effects of premenstrual syndrome PMS and irritability.Vitamin B6 -Pyridoxine SourcesVitamin B6 is present in meats, soybeans, fish, and walnuts as well as in vegetables and fruits such as bananas, potatoes, prunes, and avocados.Deficiency in Vitamin B6-PyridoxineDeficiency of vitamin B6 results in many symptoms, including poor coordination and mental acuity problems, and it can affect the level of white blood cells. Vitamin B6 is strongly connected to protein synthesis. Many problems associated with a deficiency and create a domino effect on many other reactions.Vitamin B7-BiotinIs involved in energy formation by cells, as well as in the synthesis of both proteins and fatty acids. It is produced in the intestinal tract by microbes which is "good bacteria".Vitamin B7-Biotin SourcesVitmin B7 or biotin is present in milk, liver, and other organ meats.Deficiencies in B7-BiotinDeficiencies are primarily caused by intestinal disorders or by poor absorption. Antibiotics can kill off good bacteria along with the bad, causing lower levels of biotin.Vitamin B12- ColbalamineIs important in the activation of folacin, fatty acid synthesis, and DNA synthesis in conjunction with proper red blood vessel formation by the bone marrow.Vitamin B12-Colbalamine SourcesLiver, salmon, clams, oysters, and egg yolks are some good food sources of vitamin B12.Deficiency in B12- ColbalamineA disorder is known as "pernicious anemia" is caused by lack of vitamin B12, or from poor absorption of the vitamin caused by other diseases. Absorption of this vitamin decreases with age, making deficiency symptoms more likely to occur in older persons.Folic Acid-FolacinIs an important B vitamin. It is involved in processing amino acids and in transporting certain molecules. This is important for cells that make chemicals conducive to mental health. Vitamin B12 and vitamin C must be present for folacin to work properly.Folic Acid-Folacin SourcesLike many other important vitamins, folacin is found in dark green leafy vegetables. Asparagus, cantaloupe, sweet potatoes, and green peas are all good sources of folacin.Deficiencies in Folic Acid-FolacinDeficiencies can cause various mental problems, including moodiness, hostility, and loss of memory. There is a connection between low intakes of folacin and birth defects, as well as colorectal cancer.Vitamine B15- Pantothenic AcidIs important in various processes involved in synthesizing fatty acids and in metabolizing proteins and carbohydrates. Its role in fatty acid synthesis includes the synthesis of hormones, cholesterol, and phospholipids. The latter two are important in the barrier function of skin "the lipid matrix that protects the skin's surface". This vitamin also aids in the functioning of the adrenal glands.Deficiency of Pantothenic AcidIt is practically nonexistent. Pathothenic acid is present in many foods, but not in fruits.Vitamin C-Ascorbic AcidVitamin C is an antioxidant that helps protect the body from many forms of oxidation and from problems involving free radicals. Research indicates that an adequate intake of vitamin C may help prevent cancer because of its ability to scavenge free radicals that attack DNA. DNA damage can lead to the formation of cancerous cells.Vitamin C-Ascorbic Acid FunctionsPerforms numerous functions in the body. Vitamin C is an important vitamin needed for proper repair of the skin and tissues. Vitamin C is important in fighting the aging process and promotes collagen production in the dermal tissues, keeping the skin healthy and firm.Vitamin C-Ascorbic Acid FunctionsIt is required for collagen formation in the skin as well as in cartilage and spinal discs. Vitamin C also renews vitamin E by allowing it to neutralize more free radicals.Vitamin C-Ascorbic Acid FunctionsWhen applied topically in serums, lotions, and creams, vitamin C has been found to increase collagen and to lighten skin. Vitamin C can also prevent damage to capillary walls and can help prevent easy bruising, bleeding gums, and capillary distension.Vitamin C-Ascorbic Acid FunctionsVitamin C acts to prevent cardiovascular disease by helping to maintain blood vessel walls and by preventing oxidation of bad cholesterol, which can lead to clogging in the blood vessels. Vitamin C assists the body in dealing with stress, and it is easily depleted during times of great stress.Vitamin C-Ascorbic Acid and ColdsThis vitamin supports the healing process of the body. Studies show that vitamin C helps reduce the time and severity of colds.Vitamin C-Ascorbic Acid SourcesVitamin C is found in citrus fruits; dark green leafy vegetables; tomatoes; and other fruits and vegetables.Deficiency in Vitamin CVitamin C is easily depleted in smokers, which is important because smokers have more free radicals forming in their bodies. Researchers suggest that smokers need twice as much vitamin C as nonsmokers do. Symptoms of scurvy from vitamin C deficiency include easy bruising, bleeding gums, poor wound healing, and anemia. Scurvy is rare, but it can occur in people with very poor diets and is occasionally seen in senior citizens.Vitamin P-BioflavonoidsEnhance absorption of vitamin C. Bioflavonoids relieves pain and bruising. They also protect capillary blood vessels. Bioflavnoids promote circulation, have an antibacterial effect, and can reduce symptoms of oral herpes.Vitamin P- BioflavonoidsBioflavonoids are antioxidants found in citrus peel, peppers, grapes, garlic, berries, and green tea.MineralsThe body requires minerals, inorganic materials essential in many cell reactions and bodily functions. Most are required in relatively small quantities, but they are, nevertheless, necessary for life.Mineral-CalciumCalcium is important in forming and maintaining teeth and bones. It helps prevent osteoporosis, a degenerative disease that results in brittle bones.Mineral-MagnesiumMagnesium is required for energy release and protein synthesis, preventing tooth decay, and maintaining nerve and muscle movement.Mineral-PhosphorusPhosphorus is present in DNA and is involved in energy release. It is needed for bone formation and cell growth, and it assists in vitamin and food energy processes.Mineral-PotassiumPotassium is required for energy use, water balance, and muscular movement. It aids in maintaining blood pressure and regulates cell nutrient transfers and reactions. It is also important in heart and nervous system functions.Mineral- SodiumSodium moves carbon dioxide regulates water levels, and transports minerals through cell membranes. It also regulates blood pH and helps in stomach, nerve, and muscle function.Mineral-Sodium LimitTo limit sodium intake, people should consume less than 2,300 mg "approximately 1 teaspoon", " 5 milliliters" of salt per day. Choose and prepare foods with little salt. Sodium and potassium-rich foods such as fruits and vegetables. The higher the salt the higher the blood pressure.Trace MineralsThese are required in very small quantities. All these minerals are necessary for correct body functions, and many are present in cells and tissues.Trace Minerals-IronIron is used in the production of hemoglobin and oxygenation of red blood cells. It is also essential for enzymes and for the immune system.Trace Minerals-IodineIodine helps metabolize excess fat and is important in development and thyroid health.Trace Minerals-ZincZinc is important for protein synthesis and collagen formation. It also promotes wound healing and helps the immune system.Trace Minerals-CopperCopper aids in the formation of bone, hemoglobin, cells, and elastin. It is involved in healing energy production and is essential for collagen formation.Trace Minerals- ChromiumChromium helps with energy and the metabolism of glucose and aids in synthesizing fats and proteins. Chromium also stabilizes blood sugar levels.Trace Minerals- FluorideIs needed for healthy teeth and bone formation.Trace Minerals- SeleniumIs a vital antioxidant protecting the immune system. It works with vitamin E to produce antibodies and to maintain a healthy heart; it is also needed for tissue elasticity.Trace Minerals- ManganeseAssists protein and fat metabolism promotes healthy nerves and supports immune systems function. Manganese also aids in energy production and bone growth.Nutrition and EstheticsProper nutrition is a primary factor in maintaining the skin's health. Iodine may trigger acne in some cases. Spicy foods and alcohol can induce a Rosacea flare-up.Client Health ConcernsAlthough clients may talk of health concerns stay within your scope you do not provide nutritional advice. It may have legal consequences. Refer clients to a registered dietician.Client Health ConcernsWeight loss, you must burn more calories than you consume. Diets can affect your health. Proper nutrition a balanced diet with supplement. Carbohydrates, proteins and fats are for life processes.Food ChoicesHealthier food choices.Fad DietsThose that promise quick weight loss.Water and the SkinNo person can live without water. The body and skin need water. Water comprises fifty to seventy percent of the body's weight. It sustains cell health, aids in the elimination of toxins and waste, helps regulate body temperature, aids in proper digestion. Drink nine to twelve cups of water per day.Water Intake RequirementsTake your body weight divide it by two. Divide this number by eight. The remaining number is the amount of glasses of water you should drink per day.Self-Care and the EstheticianHere are fourteen essential tools for practicing wellness inside and out: 1. Exercise 2. Hydrate 3. Eat 4. Balance the Fats 5. Reduce Inflammation 6. Manage your protein 7. Cook lightly 8. Frequent the Fiber 9. Drink Green Tea 10. Have Regular Massage 11. NO SMOKING 12. Make Healthy friends 13. Schedule Routine Health Checks 14. Have Fun