World History 2 H Chapter 19

Terms in this set (84)

List and fully describe the 5 factors we discussed for Great Britain's becoming a birth place of the industrial revolution.

1. Agricultural practices became more efficient, producing more food at lower prices.
2. The enclosure movement of the 18th century caused many peasants to love to towns, increasing the labor supply.
3. The wealthy merchant class of Britain had a ready supply of capital to invest in the new industrial machines and factories. Entrepreneurs devised new business methods and ways to make profits.
4. Britain had plentiful natural resources, such as, water, coal, and iron ore.
5. Britain's vast colonial empire gave Britain manufacturers a ready outlet for goods.

New technological advances, such as the spinning jenny and flying shuttle, gave Britain an advantage in producing what?

Inexpensive cotton goods

What is the term used for a process to make high quality iron for the production of new machines, especially trains.

The steam engine was crucial to Britain's industrial revolution, leading to an expansion of what two industries?

The first commercial railroad connected the cotton-manufacturing town of ______________ to the port of _________________.

Manchester and Liverpool

Governments in Belgium, France, and the German states supported industrialization and provided funds to build what 3 items to help with travel?

Roads, Canals, and Railroads

When the industrial revolution spread to the U.S, thousands of miles old roads and canals were built to link what?

In 1807, what did Robert Fulton build which greatly improved transportation on the waterways?

First paddle wheel steamboat

What eventually provided most effective means for transportation?

Were women and children ,who worked in factories, paid as much, more, or less than male peers?

The rapid growth of cities led to what 3 unfortunate, negative things?

Overcrowding, disease, and poverty

Was the working class granted strong or weak protection from factory owners? Did the face danger or safe working conditions?

Little protection; danger

Why did women and children make up a significant portion of the labor force?

Due to their low wages

After the defeat of Napoleon, Great Britain, Austria, Prussia, and Russia met at what congress to restore peace and balance of Europe?

Congress of Vienna

Klemens Von Matternich of Vienna wanted to restore what form of government that had ruled prior to Napoleon?

The European powers divided the land to ensure what? They agreed to meet regularly in conferences know as what?

Political and military stability; concert of Europe

Most liberals wanted a written document outline their rights, similar to what document?

American bill of rights or constitution

Another force of change in the 19th century Europe was Nationalism. Nationalism arose when people began to clarify themselves based on what, name 4 of those?

Language, region, culture, religion, and customs

Why was nationalism a threat to conservatism?

Gave independence to Nationalistic groups that would be the balance of power established at the congress of Vienna.

Beginning when, did liberalism and nationalism lead to revolution in Europe?

Were Poland and Italy successful in overthrowing their regimes? Were France and Belgium successful?

Unsuccessful
Successful

Beginning in France in 1848, the spirit of revolution spread quickly over Europe, but were the uprisings largely suppressed?

The 38 independent states of the German States attempted to unify in what year? Were they successful or not when the first tried to unify?

What was Russia seeking which led them to invade Balkan provinces of Moldavia and Walachia?

Warm water parts

Who controlled these provinces and declared war on Russia?

Why did Great Britain and France then join in on fighting with Russia?

They were fearful of a stronger Russia

What caused Russia to pull out?

Heavy casualties

What treaty placed the provinces under international control?

Treaty of Paris (1856)

What was the effect of the Crimean war?

Concert of Europe was destroyed

Without Russia, Austria could no longer prevent what two countries from unifying?

Germany and Italy

In 1850, people looked to the northern kingdom of Piedmont to lead the unification of Italy. Piedmont was an alliance with what country for support?

What is the term for a reliance of military strength?

Germans looked to whom in the cause of German unification?

In the 1860s, Otto Von Bismark ran Prussia, did he do so with or without parliament? What were his 3 major accomplishments that we discussed in class?

Without
Strengthened the army, collected taxes, and expanded info Denmark

In 1870, Prussia and France went to war. Who was victorious, and what two territories were they given because of their victory?

Prussia
Alsace and Lorraine

What is German for, ceaser?

Was Great Britain able to avoid the revolutions of Europe?

In England, what did parliament do during the revolutions in the 18 hundreds so the middle class now had interest in ruling?

Expanded voting privileges

Did the industrial revolution allow the wages of workers to rise significantly? What effect did it have on their prosperity?

Yes
They were able to share it

Queen Victoria reflected the nationalist pride of British citizens, what years did she rule between?

In France, Louis-Napoleon asked the French people for the restoration of the empire through a plebiscite. What is a plebiscite? What was the outcome of this plebiscite?

Popular Vote
97% of the people wanted an emperor

Napoleon III ruled an authoritarian government, did he promote or relax civil liberties?

How did Napoleon III expand the economy in France?

With government subsides and infrastructure improvements

What 4 ways did Napoleon III rebuild Paris?

With boulevards, public squares, underground sewers, and street lights

Did Napoleon III give the legislature more power?

Yes, to some of his Economic problems

Why was nationalism a problem for the Austrian Empire?

It made different ethnic groups

The compromise of 1867 created a dual Monarchy of Austria-Hungry. Each component would have their own constitution, legislator, and capital. What was the capital for each respectively, and what were the held together by?

Austria- Vienna
Hungary- Budapest
Held together by shared monarch, army, and financial system

After being defeated in the Crimean War, Russia realized it had to do what?

Russia was a large, agricultural society that depended on the authority of the what to function as a European power?

Central government

Czar Alexander II decided to intact reforms and, in 1861 issues emancipation edict freeing the serfs. Did this improve their lives?

Alexander II's other reforms led to his assassination in 1801. His son, Alexander III took over. Did he son return to old methods of repression of continue policies of freedom?

Methods of repression

In the U.S., the first decade of the 1800's, what two political parties struggled over political control of our country?

Federalists and Republicans

Victory in what war ended these divisions and gave Americans a surge in nationalistic pride?

In the middle of the 19th century, what became the biggest threat to American political and social systems?

What is the term for a movement to end slavey?

South Carolina voted to secede with the election of whom, on what year?

Abe Lincoln; 1860

Six more states joined then and formed what?

Confederate states do America

What years did the American civil war last between?

What was the ideal form of expression to Romantics?

Darwin's inclusion of whom in his theory was very controversial?

Who showed the realities of life in London for the poor and unappreciated in his Novels, Oliver Twist and David Copper field?

Charles Dickens

First practical steam locomotive.

First electric light

First large scale smallpox vaccination

Invention of Battery

Invention of stethoscope

Vocabulary. In Great Britain during the 1700s, the Parliamentary decree that allowed fencing off of common lands, forcing many peasants to move to town

Enclosure movement

Vocabulary. money available for investment

Vocabulary. a person interested in finding new business opportunities and new ways to make profits

Vocabulary. a method of production in which tasks are done by individuals in their rural homes

Cottage industry

Vocabulary. an economic system based on industrial production or manufacturing

Industrial capitalism

Vocabulary. a system in which society, usually in the form of the government, owns an controls the means of production

Vocabulary. a political philosophy based on tradition and social stability, favoring
obedience to political authority and organized religion

Vocabulary. idea that great powers have the right to send armies into countries where there are revolutions to restore legitimate governments

Principle of intervention

Vocabulary. a political philosophy originally based largely on Enlightenment principles, holding that people should be as free as possible from government restraint and that civil liberties—the basic rights of all people—should be protected

Vocabulary. the right of all males to vote in elections

Universal male suffrage

Vocabulary. a state in which people of many nationalities live

Multinational state

Vocabulary. an intellectual movement that emerged at the end of the eighteenth century in reaction to the ideas of the Enlightenment; it stressed feelings, emotion, and imagination as sources of knowing

Vocabulary. indifference to or rejection of religion or religious consideration

Vocabulary. the principle set forth by Charles Darwin that every plant or animal has evolved, or changed, over a long period of time from earlier, simpler forms of life to more complex forms

Organic evolution

the principle set forth by Charles Darwin that some organisms are more adaptable to the environment than others; in popular terms, "survival of the fittest"

Natural selection

What famous book did Darwin write?

On the origins of species by means of natural selection

Vocabulary. mid-nineteenth-century movement that rejected romanticism and sought to portray lower- and middle-class life as it actually was

Please fully describe all the social changes that occurred because of industrialization.

Before Industrial Revolution
- Agricultural work on farms and in homes predominated; cottage industry took place in homes.
- Most people lived in rural areas
- Single workers or families produced an entire product

During and After Industrial Revolution
- Manufacturing predominated, with workers placed in factories; cottage industry declined or disappeared
- Workers migrated to work in city factories, causing explosive growth, overcrowding, and filthy conditions
- factories practiced division of labor. Each worker performed one task in the production process. These tasks were often repetitive and boring
- factory work required long hours under harsh working conditions
- child labor occurred on a large scale. Women and children were usually paid lower wages.

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