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HOSA BOWL 08-09

Terms in this set (229)

Foramen Magnum
The opening in the occipital bone where the spinal cord pass
Ulna
The larger bone of the lower arm
Simple or Closed Fracture
Type of fracture where there is a complete break of the bone with no damage to the skin
Manubrium
The upper portion of the sternum
Sternum
Where doe the true ribs attach on the anterior part of the body?
Colles Fracture
What is the fracture where breaking and discoloration of the distal radius that causes a bulge at the wrist?
Comminuted Fracture
Type of fracture where the bone fragments or splinters into more than two pieces
Sacrum
Section of the spinal column that makes up part of the bony pelvis
Bursitis
The inflammation of the bursae, small fluid-filled sacs surrounding the joints
Sinuses
What are the cavities in the skull that surround the nasal area?
Scoliosis
Lateral curvature of the spinal column
Reduction
The process where the bone must be put back into its proper alignment so the fracture can heal
Closed Reduction
Positioning the bone in correct alignment and applying a case or splint to maintain the position
Palatine
What bone forms the hard palate?
26
How many bones are in the vertebrae
Sinus
Air space within a bone
Synarthrosis
Type of joint that is immovable
Intervertebral disks
What are the pads of cartilage tissue that separates the vertebrae?
Spiral Fracture
Name the type of fracture where the bone twists resulting in one or more breaks
Phalanges
What is the term for fingers?
Sinusitis
The inflammation of the mucous membrane lining the sinuses
Osteomyelitis
Caused by infectious organisms that form an abscess within the bone and accumulate pus in the medullary canal
Olecranon Process
The projection that forms the elbow
Rheumatoid Arthritis
Which arthritis is a chronic, inflammatory disease affecting the connective tissues & joints?
Frontal
Bone that forms the forehead
Diaphysis
What is the long shaft of the long bones called?
Fibula
What is the smaller leg bone called?
Clavicle
The bone of the shoulder girdle/ collar bone
Acetabulum
Name for hip socket
Calcaneous
Name for heel bone
Osteoblasts
Cells that produce bone tissue
Dislocation
When a bone is forcibly displaced from a joint
False ribs
Ribs # 8-12 are called?
Red Bone Marrow
What bone tissue is hematopoetic?
Osteoarthritis
Type of arthritis that is a chronic disease and usually occurs as a result of aging
Thoracic Vertebrae
On the posterior side, the ribs attached on the______
Open Reduction
Surgical repair of the bone to put it in proper alignment
Scapula
Scientific name for shoulder blade
Rickets
Bone disease in children caused by lack of minerals in diet
Os Coxae
A hip bone is called what? (collectively)
Periosteum
A tough membrane that covers the outside of the bone
Epiphysis
What are the ends of bones called?
Lordosis
Abnormal increase in the forward curvature of the lumbar spine
Greenstick Fracture
Type of fracture where the bone bent & splints, causing a crack or incomplete break. It is common in children
8
How many bones in the cranium
Floating ribs
The last two pairs of false ribs are called_______.
Axial Skeleton
Forms the main trunk of the body & is composed of the skull, spinal column, ribs, & sternum
Diarthrosis
Freely movable joint
Femur
Medical term for thighbone
Appendicular skeleton
Forms the extremities & is composed of the shoulder girdle, arm bones, pelvic girdle, & leg bones
Open or Compound Fracture
Type of fracture where the bone breaks & ruptures through the skin
Zygomatic
What bone is the cheek bone?
Amphiarthosis
Type of joint that is slightly immovable
Impacted Fracture
Type of fracture where the broken bone ends jam into each other
Metatarsals
Bones that make up the instep of the foot
Sutures
The areas where the cranial bones have joined together
Osteoporosis
The increased porosity or softening of the bones. Common in women
Maxilla
Facial bone that forms most of the upper jaw
Tendons
Strong fibrous white bands that attach muscles to bones
Xiphoid Process
Name the lower portion of the sternum
Foramina
Openings in a bone through which blood vessels, nerve, & ligaments pass
Axial Skeleton
Division of the skeleton that protects the major organs of the nervous, respiratory, & circulatory system
Endosteum
The membrane that lines the medullary canal & keeps the yellow marrow intact
Patella
The medical term for kneecap
5
Number of lumbar vertebrae
Obturator Foramen
The opening between the ischium & pubis
Depressed Fracture
Name the fracture where a broken piece of skull bone moves inward
Humerus
What is the bone of the upper arm?
Kyphosis
The rounded bowing of the back at the thoracic area. Called hunchback
Radius
The smaller bone of the forearm
Tarsals
Bones that make up the ankles
Carpals
The name for the bones of the wrist
Ligaments
What connective tissue bands that help long bones attach together at joints?
Yellow Marrow
What is the medullary canal filled with?
Herniated disk
Rupture of the intervertebral disk that causes pressure on the spinal nerve roots
14
How many facial bones are there?
Fracture
Term for a crack or break in a bone
Mandible
Another name for the lower jaw
Lacrimal
The bone that forms the inner aspect of the eyes
Medullary Canal
The cavity in the diaphysis
12
How many pairs of ribs are there?
206
How many bones does an adult human have?
Aneurysm
A ballooning out of, or sac-like formation on an artery wall
5,000-10,000
How many leukocytes are in 1 cubic millimeter of blood?
Eosinophils
Type of leukocyte that increase in response to allergic reactions. It removes toxins & defend the body from allergic reactions by producing antihistamines
5-9 days
What is the life span of thrombocytes?
Veins
Blood vessels that contain valves to prevent blood from flowing in a backward direction
Left
What side of the heart is where blood is high in oxygen & low in carbon dioxide
Anemia
An inadequate number of red blood cells, hemoglobin, or both
Arterioles
The smallest branches of arteries
Varicose Veins
Abnormally swollen veins that lost elasticity & cause decrease blood flow
Pericardium
The double layered membrane that covers the outside of the heart
Veins
Blood vessels that carry blood back to the heart
Capillaries
Vessels that allow oxygen and nutrients to pass through to the body cells
Erythrocytes
Which blood cells contain hemoglobin?
Pharyngeal Tonsils
What are located in the nasopharynx. They are also called adenoids
Fibrin
The gel-like net of fine fibers that traps erythrocytes, platelets, & plasma to form a clot
Right Ventricle
The part of the heart that receives blood from the right atrium & pumps the blood into the pulmonary artery
Arrhythmia
Term for abnormal heart rhythms
Prothrombin and Fibrinogen
Name the 2 blood proteins necessary for the clotting of blood
Interventricular septum
What separates the ventricles in the heart?
Left atrium
Which chamber of the heart receives oxygenated blood as it returns from the lungs?
4-6 quarts
How much blood does the average adult body contain?
Thromboplastin
The enzyme produced by thrombocytes to form thrombin
Myocardium
The middle & thickest layer of the heart which consists of cardiac muscle
Interstitial or intercellular fluid
What forms when plasma diffuses into tissue spaces?
Aorta
The largest artery in the body
Endocardium
The inner layer of the heart
Arteries
What blood vessel is muscular & elastic?
Phlebitis
Inflammation of a vein
Right
Which side of the hear is where blood is low in oxygen & high in carbon dioxide?
Atherosclerosis
Occurs when fatty plaques are deposited on the walls of arteries
Neutrophils
What leukocyte phagocytize bacteria by secreting an enzyme called lyosozyme?
Aplastic anemia
Results from an injury to or destruction of the bone marrow leading to poor or no formation of RBCs
Mitrial or Bicuspid Valve
The valve between the left atrium & left ventricle
Sickle-Cell Anemia
Condition where red blood cells assume an abnormal sickle shape
Myocardial Infarction
Occurs when a blockage in the coronary arteries cuts off the supply of blood to the heart
Circulatory System
What system carries oxygen & nutrients to body cells; carries waste products away from cells?
Leukemia
Malignancy by a progressive increase in # of abnormal leukocytes
Thrombophlebitis
Term for inflammation of a vein with formation of a clot
Hypertension
Term for high blood pressure
Monocytes and Lymphocytes
What types of leukocytes have an important role in protecting the body against diseases?
Left Ventricle
What chamber of the heart receives blood from the left atrium & pumps the blood into the aorta?
Thymus
A mass of lymph tissue located in the center of the upper chest. It atrophies after puberty.
Lymph Nodes
Small, round or oval masses that filter the lymph & remove impurities. Popularly called lymph glands
3-9 days
What is the life span for a leukocyte?
Pulmonary Semilunar Valve
What valve is located between the right ventricle & the pulmonary artery?
Pernicious Anemia
Results in the formation of abnormally large & an inadequate number of erythrocytes
Tricuspid Valve
The valve between the right atrium & right ventricle
Arteries
What carries blood away from the heart?
90%
Approximately what percentage of plasma is water?
Arteriosclerosis
Hardening or thickening of the arterial walls resulting in a loss of elasticity
Systolic pressure
What is the highest pressure against the walls of the blood vessels. It occurs when the ventricles contract
Bundle of His
What are the nerve fibers in the septum called?
Thoracic duct
What is a large tube that drains the lymph from the rest of the body?
Right atrium
What part of the heart receives blood as it returns from the body cells?
Diastolic Pressure
What is the lowest pressure against the walls of the blood vessels. It occurs when the ventricles are relaxed.
Lymphatic Capillaries
Small, open-ended lymph vessels that act like drain pipes which picks up lymph at tissues throughout the body
Sinoatrial node
What group of nerve cells located in the right atrium that sends out an electrical impulse, which spreads out over the muscles in the atria. It is also called the "pacemaker"
Thrombocytes
Another name for platelets
Ventricular fibrillation
Form of cardiac arrhythmia that is fatal unless reversed. The ventricles contract at random without coordination.
Basophils
Which white blood cells promote the inflammatory response?
Lymphangitis
Inflammation of lymphatic vessels, usually resulting from an infection in an extremity
Erythrocytes
Another name for red blood cells
Lymphocytes
Which leukocytes proved immunity for the body & protect against the formation of cancer cells?
Right lymphatic duct
What is the short tube that receives all of the purified lymph from the right side of the head & neck, right chest & right arm?
4.5 - 5.5 million
What is the normal erythrocyte count in 1 cubic millimeter of blood?
Inferior Vena Cava
What brings the blood from the lower part of the body to the heart?
Congestive Heart Failure
Condition that occurs when the heart muscles do not beat adequately to supply the blood needs of the body
Venules
The smallest branches of veins
Embolus
A foreign substance circulating in the blood
Lymph
What transports tissue fluid proteins, fats, & other materials from tissues to the circulatory system?
Lacteals
Specialized lymphatic capillaries that pick up digested fats or lipids that is in the area of the small intestine
120 days
Average normal life span of a red blood cell
Electrocardiograph
Device that makes the measurement of the electrical activity of the heart possible
Atrioventricular node
What is a group of nerve cells located between the atria & ventricles that sends the electrical impulse through the Bundle of His?
Adenitis
Inflammation or infection of the lymph nodes?
Chyle
When lymph is mixed with lipids
Tonsils
Masses of lymphatic tissue that filter interstitial fluid
Aortic Valve
What is located between the left ventricle & the aorta
Angioplasty
What maybe used to remove or compress the fatty deposits in the arteries, or to insert a stent to allow blood flow?
Purkinje Fibers
The bundle branches subdivides into a network of nerve fibers throughout the ventricles
Iron deficiency anemia
Results when there is an inadequate amount of iron to form hemoglobin in erythrocytes
Interatrial Septum
What separates the upper part of the heart?
Hemoglobin
It carries oxygen & carbon dioxide and gives blood its red color
250,000 - 400,000
What is the normal thrombocyte count for 1 cubic millimeter of blood?
Defibrillator
A device that shocks the heart with an electrical current to stop the uncoordinated contraction & allow the sinoatrial node to regain control
Antihypertensive drug
Which type of medication is administered to control high blood pressure?
Lymph
What is a thin, watery fluid composed of intercellular/interstitial fluid?
Blood
What carries nutrients & oxygen to the body cells & carries metabolic waste away from cells
Fontanel/ soft spot
What is the place where the sutures between the frontal & parietal bones have not yet closed on an infant?
Tibia
Medical term for shin bone
Cranium
What is the portion of the skull that encloses the brain?
Vertebral Column
Another name for spinal column
7
How many cervical vertebrae are there?
55% of liquid plasma and 45% formed elements
What is blood composed of?
Atria
What are the 2 upper chambers of the heart called?
Pericardiocentesis
Surgical puncture to remove fluid from the pericardial sac
Hodgkin's Disease
What is a chronic, malignant disease of the lymph nodes? Most common form of lymphoma
Lymphatic System
What system carries some tissue fluid & wastes to blood, & assists with fighting infection?
Tonsillitis
An inflammation or infection of the tonsils
Cisterna Chyli
What is an enlarged pouch-like structure that serves as a storage area for purified lymph
Hemophilia
An inherited disease that occurs in males in which the blood is unable to clot
Superior Vena Cava
Large vein that brings blood from the upper body to the heart
Ringworm
What is a highly contagious fungus infection of the skin or scalp? Common symptoms is the formation of a flat or raised circular area with a clear central area with an itchy, scaly, or crusty outer ring
Reproductive
What system provides for reproductive?
Organelles
What are the cell structures called that help a cell to function?
Zygote
When the ovum & sperm join together, what do they form?
Ribosomes
What does the nucleolus manufacture?
Nervous System
What is a complex, highly organized system that coordinates all the activities of the body?
Anatomy
What is the study of the form and structure of an organism?
Mitosis
What is a form of asexual reproduction where a cell divides into 2 identical cells?
Chromosomes
Name for long, coiled molecules of deoxyribonucleic acid?
Neurons or Nerve Cell
The basic structural unit of the nervous system
Centrosomes
What is located in the cytoplasm & near the nucleus that contains centrioles?
Tissue
When cells of the same type join together for a common purpose, what do they formed?
Nervous System
What system coordinates & controls body activities?
Organ
When tissues join together for a particular function, what do they form?
Cytoplasm
What is the semi-fluid that contains water, proteins, lipids, carbohydrates, minerals, & salts? It is also the site for all chemical reactions to occur.
Semi-permeable
The cell membrane allows only certain substances to enter and leave the cell. What is the term for this?
Cell membrane
What is the outer protective covering of the cell?
Golgi Apparatus
What is the stack of membranes layers that produces, stores, and packages secretions for discharge from the cell?
Lysosome
What cell structures contain digestive enzymes to digest and destroy old cells?
Physiology
What is the study of the processes of living organisms of why and how they work?
Athlete's foot
What is the contagious fungal infection that usually affects the feet?
23
How many chromosomes are in a sex cell?
Stem cells
What cells have the ability to transform themselves into any of the body's specialized cells & perform many different functions?
Idiopathic
What is another term for unknown cause?
Pinocytic vesicles
What are the pocket-like folds in the cell membrane that allows large molecules to enter the cell?
Centromere
What is the structure that holds chromatids together?
Endoplasmic Reticulum
What network of tubular structures allows for transport of materials into & out of the nucleus, & also aids in synthesis & storage of protein?
46 chromosomes or 23 pairs of chromosomes
How many chromosomes does each cell have?
System
When organs and other body parts join together to perform a particular function, what do they form?
Skeleton System
What system created framework of body, protects internal organs, produces blood cells & acts as levers for muscles?
Carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, sulfur, nitrogen, phosphorus
Name the ordinary elements
Nucleolus
What organelle is located inside the nucleus and is important in cell reproduction?
Nucleus
What controls many of the cell activities
Adipose tissue
What is the tissue that provides protective padding, insulation, and support and is a nutrient reserve?
Dehydration
What is the term for insufficient amount of tissue fluid?
Pathophysiology
What is the study of how disease occurs & the responses of living organisms to disease processes?
Lymphatic System
What system works in conjunction with circulatory system to remove wastes & excess fluids from the tissues?
Edema
What is the condition when there is an excess amount of tissue fluid?
Integumentary System
What system protects body from injury, infection, & dehydration?
Cell
What is the basic unit of structure and function in all living things?
Mitochondria
What is the furnance or powerhouse of the cell?
Connective Tissue
What is the supporting fabric of organs & other body parts?
Endocrine System
What system produces & secretes hormones to regulate body processes?
Meiosis
What is the process that sex cells divide by?
Epithelial tissue
What kind of tissue lines internal organs and serves as a covering for the skin?
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