Core Geography

Terms in this set (116)

Crude Birth Rate
The number of births per 100 people in the population
Total fertility rate
The average number of children that would be born to a woman over her lifetime
General fertility rate
The number of live births per 1000 women of child-bearing age (15-44) per year
Crude Death rate
Number of deaths per 1000 people in the population
Infant mortality rate
Of every 1000 infants born alive, the number that die before their first birthday
Child mortality rate
the annual number of deaths of age group 1-4 years per 1000 in the population
Rate of natural increase
Crude BR-Crude DR
Life expectancy
The average number of years an individual would be expected to live, based on current rates of mortality.
Population momentum
Population momentum refers to population growth at the national level which would occur even if levels of childbearing immediately declined to replacement level
BR in Africa, Europe and South America
40+/1000, 12/1000, 14.46/1000
DR in Africa, Europe and South America
9/1000,9.26/1000,5.9/1000
LE in Africa, Europe and South America
50-60years, 81 years, 78 years
Fertility in Africa, Europe and South America
2-4 per mother, 1.5 per mother, 2-3 per mother
Child mortality in Africa, Europe and South America
100+/1000,5/1000,9/1000
Infant mortality in Africa, Europe and South America
50/1000,3.55/1000,7.5/1000
How many % dependent in NZ, Kenya and Germany?
53.8%,81.1%,50%
By 2025 1/3 of the UK and Japan's population will be how old?
55 UK, 65 Japan
When was the singapore pro-natalist policy implimented?
1987
When did china realise they have an excess 100million in their population?
1950
When was the one child policy implimented?
1980s
An excess of how many bachelors will exist in China?
70 million
When did conflict begin in Chad?
2003
Where does oil production occur in Sudan and where is the port? How much do they receive of profits?
Production=South, receive 49% of the profits, Port=North
Where is Darfur?
Western Sudan
How much of Darfur's population has been displaced?
50%
How many people live in temporary camps in Darfur?
2.5 million
How many people die each day trying to get to Mexico?
2
How many people per dr in Mexico and USA?
1800, 400
GNP of Mexico and USA?
$3750,$24,750
Literacy rates of Mexico and USA?
55%, 99%
What % of mexicans live below the poverty line?
40%
How much remittances to Mexico in 2005?
$16 billion
GDI takes into account...
Longevity, Knowledge, Income per capita( purchasing power parity)
GDI of Norway, UK, Iran, India...
0.957, 0.944, 0.750,0.600
GEM measures...
Economic participation, power over economic resources
GEM of Norway,UK, Iran, China...
0.906, 0.790,0.331,0.533
Literacy rates of males and females in Yemen...
70.5% male, 30% women
How many women in Yemen are married before they are 15?
14%
When did women get the vote in Yemen?
1967
How many males to every female in Yemen?
1.05
Why is the GDP not a good way to measure disparities?
Doesn't take into account the 'informal sector'
HDI takes into account...
Life expectancy at birth, mean years of schooling, expected years of schooling and Gross national income
GDP of Tanzania?
$1,500
Literacy rates of Tanzania?
69%
Percentage of rural vs urban dwellers in Tanzania...
80% rural, 20% urban
Causes of disparities in Tanzania...
Urban/Rural, Maasai/Non-Maasai, Tourist/Non-Tourist areas, Males/Females
Literacy rates among Maasai?
20%
Female literacy rate in Tanzania?
57%
What % of women's work in Tanzania is unpaid?
90%
How many people visit the serengetti each year?
350,000
Ways to reduce disparities?
Trade, Aid, remittances, debt relief
Sierra Leone and CAR receive how much aid per head despite having the same GDP?
SL=$100-500 per head, CAR=$50 per head
When was the famine World Vision helped with in Ethiopia?
1984
What amount of GDP are MEDC's expected to give in aid?
0.7%
What is the overall contribution of MEDC's through aid?
0.45% of GDP
Which country gives the largest proportion on its GDP to aid?
Sweden, 0.99%
Which country gives the most aid?
USA
Aid is what % of GDP in Sao Tome and Iran?
75.2% Sao Tome, 0.1% Iran
How much money is transferred globally as a result of remittances?
$260 billion per year
How many times bigger than aid is remittances?
3 times
How much is charged on international transfer of money?
Up to 15%
When did an oil crisis occur?
1974
How much of the sun's radiation is absorbed by clouds?
20%
How much of the sun's radiation does the earths surface absorb?
47%
Albedo...
The earth reflective surface eg water bodies
Without the greenhouse effect what would the temp of the earth be?
33 degrees cooler than now
From 1860-2000 how much did the temperature increase?
1 degree C
What has CO2 concentration risen from/to since 1860?
300 parts per million to 400 parts per million
When was the Kyoto Protocol formed?
1997
How many countries are part of the Kyoto Protocol?
38
How much are countries obliged to reduce emissions of the 1990 levels by 2012?
5.2%
With the Kyoto Protocol, what are expected temperature rises by 2100 supposed to be?
1.9 instead of 2.1 without
How much does the kyoto protocol cost?
Between $150 and 350 billion per year
What is the cost of 1 tonne of Carbon Emissions in NZ?
$12.50
When did the USA dustbowl occur?
1930
How many people left dustbowl areas, how many went to California?
3 million, 0.5 million
What % of global water use is used for residential purposes?
8%
What % of global water use is used for agriculture?
69%
How much of irrigation water is sustainable?
15-35%
How many L of water does it take to fulfill one persons dietary needs for a day?
3000L
What % of global water use is used for industry?
22%
How many Kenyans fall short of safe water requirements?
80%
How many Kenyans do not have access to clean water?
40%
How much of China lack access to safe drinking water?
50%
How much of rural water supplies in China is contaminated?
2/3
River example China:
Qingshui river
When was the Aswam damn built?
1970
How big is the Aswam damn and Lake Nesser?
114m high, 3.6km long , lake nesser reaches back 270km
What % of Egypts electricity is generated from the Aswam damn?
50%
How long until lake nesser is useless?
100 years
When was the World Vision water response in Mulameng?
2002
How many water tanks were bought in Mulameng, how many water sources rehabilitated?
550, 3000
How much will water demand have increased by in 2025?
50%
When was water privatised in Mannilla?
1997
What did the access to water increase from/to in Manilla from 1997 to 2007?
67% to 86%
How big is the area in Brazil deforrested for Cattle ranching?
The size of Portugal
What % of deforestation in Brazil is for cattle ranching?
80%
When were rabbits introduced to the NZ high country?
1860
How many sheep per hectare in NZ high country, what is this called?
one per 3 hectares, light grazing
It takes the planet how long to replenish what we use in one year?
1.5 years
How many planets are needed to sustain us?
1.4
NZ use how many global hectares and have how many available to us?
6, 12 available
US use how many global hectares and have how many available to us?
8, 4 available
Somalia use how many global hectares and have how many available to us?
2 , 2 available
Optimists of food production?
Anti-Malthusians, Esther Bosecrop 1950s
Pessimists of food production?
Thomas Malthus 1700, Neo Malthusians-club of rome 1960s
USA consumes how much more oil than it produces?
2.5 times
China consumes how much more oil than it produces?
1.8 times
Major producers of oil...
Russia, USA, Saudi Arabia, Russia
Major oil surplus...
Saudi Arabia, Iran, Russia
Major reliance on oil trade...
USA, Japan, Germany, India, China
What has oil production increased from/to from 1961 to 2006?
60 million barrels per day to 82 million barrels per day
How has oil consumption increased?
60-86 million barrels per day
How many barrels of oil spilt in Deepwater Horizons spill 2010?How many species at risk?
4.9 million, 400
When were the Kuwait Oil fires, how much of the suns radiation was absorbed by smoke?
1991, 80%
How much impact in the Prince william sound Exxon Valdez spill?
2100km of shoreline, 254,000 marine and wildlife deaths
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