Phylogenetic Species Cards

Terms in this set (57)

Choanoflagulate Basic Characteristics
- attached in colonies of single celled organisms from a stalk
- Not a living animal
Choanoflagulate Importance?
- First to develop into colonies
- Sister Taxa to Animals
Three traits that distiguished Animals
- Cell Junctions'
- Extracellular Matrix
- Hox Genes
Eumetazoa include...
all animals except sponges..
First to have true tissues,.
Eumetazoa Charateristics
- Body Symmetery
- Gut
- Nervous System
- Tissues into Organs
Ctenophora Basic Features
- 2 Cell Layers Filled with Mesoglea
- Complete Gut
- Movement by beating cilia
- 8 comblike rows of cilia - Ctenes
- Radial Symmetry Diploblasts
Ctenophora distinguishing Characteristics
- Lack Hox Gene
- Ctenes
Cnidaria Basic Features
- No Complete Gut
- Single opening for mouth and anus
- 2 stage life cycle (Medusa - polyp)
- Radial Symmetry Diploblasts
Cnidaria examples
- Jellyfish
- Sea Anemones
- Corals
Cnidaria distinguishing Characteristics
- Nerve nets
- Nematocysts (stingers)
Triploblast development happen after which taxa?
Cnidaria and Ctenophores
before Bilaterals
Bilaterals Distinguishing Characteristics
- Triploblast (This taxa forward)
- Cephalization (Development of head region)
Lophotrochazoa Characteristics
- Anterior Brain
- Ventral Nervous System
- Lophophore - Feeding Structure
- Trochophore - Free Living Larva
Platyhelminthes Examples
Tapeworms, Flukes
Platyhelminthes Characteristics
- ONLY ACEOLOMATES FOR TEST
- First Triploblasts
Annalina Examples
Fireworm
Earthworm
Annalida
- Coelomates
- segmented body wall and internal organs
Mollusca Examples
clams, snails, squid
Mollusca Characteristics
- Mantle (hard protective layer - CAN develop a shell in some)
- Foot (Locomotion)
- Visceral Body (Guts - i.e. everything else)
Mollusca Types
- Bivalves (clam, oysters)
- Gastropods (Snail, Slug, Limpets)
- Cephalopods (Squid, Octopus, Nautiloids)
Gastropod Distinguishing Characteristics
- Radula - scraping "teeth" on "tongue"
Bivalve Distinguishing Characteristics
- Hardened Shell for defense
Cephalopod Distinguishing Characteristics
- Foot develops into Arms and Tentacles
- Arms for Locomotion, Tentacles for Reproduction
Insect Phyla Distinguishing Characteristics
- Edysozoa - Molts and sheds cuticle
Insect Basic Characteristics
...
Arthropod Distinguishing Characteristics
- First Edysozoa (Sheds cuticle exoskeleton to grow)
- Specialized Jointed Appendeges
- Rigid Exoskeleton
- Waterproof (chitin)
Dueterostomes
- echinoderms
- vertebrates
- blastopore becomes anus
Cordata
phylum includes animals with backbones
Cordata Distinguishing Characteristics
- Nerve cord
- Dorsal Support Rod (notocord)
- Post anal tail
Cephalocordates Common Name
Lancets
Urochordates Distinguishing Characteristic
TRAITS ONLY PRESENT IN LARVAL FORM
- Nerve cord
- Dorsal Support Rod (notocord)
- Post anal tail
Urochordates Common Name
Sea Squirts
Craniates
chordates with a braincase of cartilage or bone
Craniates Example
Hagfish
Cartilage cranium like structure present
Vertebrates First Distinguishing Characteristics
Lamprey
Vertebrate made of cartilage
notocord becomes disc
Gnathostomes Distinguishing Characteristics
Hinges Jaw
Cartilagous Skeleton
Hinged jaw allowed them to eat bigger prey
Ray finned Fish Distinguishing Characteristics
fins supported by thin rays of bone
Mineralized Skeleton
Sarcopterygian Distinguishing Characteristics
- Fleshy Lobed Fins
- Gives rise to legs
Sarcopterugain Example
Lung fish
Lung Fish Distinguishing Characteristics
- Lobe Finned
- Could move across land
- Breath air
Tetrapods Distinguishing Characteristics
- four limbs
- movement from an aquatic environment onto land
First Tetrapods
Amphibians
Amphibians Distinguishing Characteristics
- Breath Air
- Positive pressure respiration
- Skin gas exchange (thin skinned)
- require water for reproduction and adolecent stage
Amphibian Examples
- Frog, toad, newt, Salamanders,
Reptile Distinguishing Characteristics
- Amniotic Egg
- Negetive pressure respiration
- Thick skin (Gas exchange not through skin)
Characteristics that made move to land possible
- Support body weight (Lobed Finned)
- Effecient Gas Exchange method
- Water not lost through thin skin
- Amniotic Egg
Mammals Distinguishing Characteristics
- Mammary Glands
- Hair
-Sweat Glands
Prototheria
Mammals that reproduce by egg-laying
Have mammary glands, but no nipples
aka. monotremes
Therians Distinguishing Characteristic
- Have a placenta
- divided into marsupials and eutherians
Metatherian (aka Marsupials) Distinguishing Characteristics
- Poorly Developed placenta
- Short gestation
- Marsupian (pouch)
Metatherian (aka Marsupials) examples
- Kangaroo
- Possum
Prototheria (aka Monotremes) examples
- Only 2
- platypus
- echidnea
Eutheria Distinguishing Characteristics
- Placental Animals
- Full development of offspring within the placenta
Nematoda
- pseudocoelomates
- complete digestive tract
- may be parasitic
Tagmosis def.
- Specialize regions of segments
- re: arthropods
Echinodermata distinguishing characteristics
- Water Vascular system (tube feet)
- Larva are bilateral, adults are radial
- Pentaradial symmetry
Water vascular system is used for
- Movement
- Gas Exchange
- Feeding
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