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Drugs & Behavior- Exam 2

Terms in this set (20)

Substance X is produced in motor neurons and released in random bursts. It acts on receptors located on muscle and causes contraction until enzymes clear it from the synapse. Does this substance meet the criteria for a neurotransmitter? Why or why not?
No- released in response to stimulation
True or false -- A neurotransmitter is always either excitatory or inhibitory
False- depends on the receptor and what it affects
Which of the following parts make up a metabotropic receptor?
a) G protein
b) Receptor
c) Intracellular messenger
d) Pore
e) All but D
f) All of the above
All but D
True or false -- Drugs can impact how many receptors are present in a membrane
True
Which of the following is NOT an example of neurotransmitter inactivation?
a) Neurotransmitter A is broken down by an enzyme in the synapse
b) Neurotransmitter B is consumed by bacteria in the synapse
c) Neurotransmitter C is reuptaken by the presynaptic neuron
d) Neurotransmitter D is taken up by surrounding glia
b) Neurotransmitter B is consumed by bacteria in the synapse
Ligand-gated channels regulate passage of _________ (neurotransmitter, ions) across the membrane when _______(neurotransmitter, ion) is bound to the receptor
ions, neurotransmitter
Put the following steps of neurotransmitter release/action in order.
- Ligand-gated ion channels are opened
- Action potential reaches the end of the axon
- Exocytosis occurs, releasing transmitter in the synapse
- Vesicles containing neurotransmitter fuse with the plasma membrane
- Voltage-gated calcium channels open and calcium enters the cell
- Neurotransmitter binds with receptor
1) Action potential reaches the end of the axon
2) Voltage-gated calcium channels open and calcium enters the cell
3)Vesicles containing neurotransmitter fuse with the plasma membrane
4) Exocytosis occurs, releasing transmitter in the synapse
5) Neurotransmitter binds with receptors
6) Ligand-gated ion channels are opened
At excitatory synapses, ligand-gated _____ (Na+,K+) channels open, causing the inside of the cell to become more _______ (positive, negative). This ________ (increases, decreases) the chance of an action potential.
Na+, positive, increases
Picture this: an ion channel on the plasma membrane. The closed pore has neurotransmitters binding to the binding site on the extracellular side, and ions are blocked from going through the pore and entering the cell. Once the neurotransmitter has successfully bound to the binding site, the pore opens and the ion is now entering the cell. Which of the following ions would this likely be?
a) Na+
b) K+
c) Cl-
d) either K+ or Cl-
e) There is not enough information to answer the question
c) Cl-
Which would produce an effect faster --nicotinic or muscarinic acetylcholine receptors?
nicotinic acetylcholine receptors
True or False -- activity at metabotropic receptors affects ion channels
true (indirectly)
Which of the following ultimately determines whether a metabotropic receptor produces an inhibitory or excitatory effect?
a) The ion it binds
b) the neurotransmitter it binds
c) What type of G-protein it activates
d) Both B& C
c) what type of G-protein it activates
Match the neurotransmitter with its method/methods of inactivation

Dopamine
Norepinephrine
Glutamate
GABA
Acetylcholine

-breakdown by enzymes in the synapse
-uptake by PM transporters
-uptake by glia
Acetylcholine- breakdown by enzymes in the synapse
GABA- reuptake by glia
Glutamate- uptake by glia
Norepinephrine
Dopamine
Which neurotransmitter(s) would be limited if your VIAATs were defective?
GABA/glycine
Why was L-DOPA a more logical choice for Parkinson's than just treating someone with tyrosine? What went wrong with L-DOPA?
tyrosine couldn't cross BBB but L-DOPA could -- unfortunately it led to more dopamine EVERYWHERE, not just in the regions that were deficient, causing major side effects
Place the following precursors and products into their respective places: glutamate, NE, GABA, ACTH, DA, POMC, B-endorphin, epinephrine

What is mediating the steps occurring at the arrows?
glutamate --> GABA
DA--> NE --> epinephrine
POMC --> ACTH & B-endorphin


enzymes
Which of the following is FALSE about endocannabinoids?
a) Typically inhibit presynaptic release of other neurotransmitters
b) Removed by uptake into glia
c) CB1 & CB2 are equally distributed throughout the body
d) Synthesized from lipids in the cell membrane
c) CB1 & CB2 are equally distributed throughout the body
How do peptide neurotransmitters differ from "classical neurotransmitters"?
Pepetide NTs are synthesized in the cell body and transported down the axon
True or False-- Neurons can release more than one type of neurotransmitter
True- can co-release peptide and classical
Drugs are taken for their:
a) side effects
b) therapeutic effects
c) bonus effects
d) both A & B
e) all of the above
d) both A & B
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