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APHG Chapter 8

Terms in this set (95)

Africa Asia
Two continents with most new states
Ghana
First sub-Saharan African colony to gain indpendence
Permanent population, sovereign territory, recognized by other states, and a gov./working economy
4 things that make a state a state
Peace of Westphalia, 1648, area was defined by sovereign states with specific borders instead of empires. Before that territory was defined by a society, after the territory defined the society
What treaty brought out the modern state system, when did it happen and what did it do.
Nationalism
The rise of BLANK changed the attitudes of citizens towards what constituted a state.
Decolonization
BLANK has created more states than any other reason
Decolonization
The overthrow of colonial powers
Shared cultural heritage/belief, loyalty towards one another and the nation as a whole, a distinct homeland (even if everyone is not living there), and Self-Determinism
A nation is a group of people with (4 things)
Self-Determinism
the ability or desire to from your won sovereign state
Multinational State
A state that includes more than one nation within its borders
Russian Federation
Largest Multinational state in the world
Flemish and Walloon
Two examples of nations
Yugoslavia and US
Two examples of multinational states
Nation-state
A politically organizedd area in which nation and state occupy the same place
French Revolution
When was the idea of the nation-state inspired/created?
Transylvania and Korea
Two examples of multistate nations
The Palestinians and Kurds
Two examples of stateless nations
People (The loyalty that is shown when people have a strong sense of nationalism. This does not always coincide with the borders of the state) and State (When a state seeks to promote a sense of nationhood that coincides within its borders)
In what two ways is nationalism described?
French-Canadians and English-Canadians
Two nations within Canada
Iceland and Japan
Two examples of nation states
98.5%
Percent of Japan's population that is Japanese
9%
Percent of population in Iceland that is of a different nationality
Iran, Iraq Syria, and Turkey
The different countries that the Kurdish people live in
Irredentism
The advocation for the establishment of a state to be created from the parts of where the population of a stateless nation lives
Diaspora
Jews living outside of Israel
Buffer state
A state located between two larger conflicting countries
Mongolia, Russia, China
BLANK acts as a buffer state between BLANK and BLANK
15
Number of new states created after the fall of the soviet union and the end of the cold war
E Europe, Soviet Union, W Europe
After WWII, BLANK acted as a buffer state between BLANK and BLANK
1991
When did the Iron Curtain fall
Satellite StateJa
A state that is formally independent but under heavy military, economic, and political control by another
Poland, USSR
BLANK was a satellite state of BLANK
Shatterbelt
A state or group of states influenced by other larger competing states. They are often culturally, economically, and politically fragmented.
Jammu and Kashmir
Examples of shatterbelts
Centripetal
Forces that unify a state
Centrifugal
Forces that fragment a state
Ethno-Regionalism
When a minority nation exists with a state or region without control.
Unifying institutions (education, holidays, military service, etc.), nationalism, and strong transportation/communication systems
Examples of centripetal forces
Ethno-regionalism and Economic difficulties (hyperinflation and depression)
Examples of centrifugal forces
Devolution and Balkanizaiton
Methods for dealing with strong centrifugal forces within a state
Devolution
The transfer of power from the central government to different regions of the country
Gorbachev
Last leader of the USSR
USSR, Lativa, Ukraine, etc.
One country to participate in devolution, who did they give the power to
Colonialism
The practice of establishing political dominance over a people outside of your state for economic, political, and territorial gain.
Imperialism
The policy of extedning a country's influence through diplomacy or military force to areas already developed by an indigenous society
mid 19th to early 20th
time period for new imperialsim
S and C Asia, Africa, and Polynesia
Areas colonized in New Imperialism
Unitary, Capitol
Highly centralized government. The BLANK serves as a focus of power
Federal
A government where the state is organized into territories which have control over government policies and funds
Moral
The US Federal government allows states within the state to determine BLANK laws
Daly family in Chicago
Group that participated in gerrymandering
Gerrymandering
Drawing voting districts to benefit one group over another
Majority-Minority districts
Districts drawn so that the majority of the population in the district is a minority
Organic
What theory gets a bad rep because of Hitler
Mackinder
Came up with the Organic theory
Organic
Which theory claims more land = more power, a country is an organism that feeds off of land and territory
Organic
The German theory
Spykeman
Created the Rimland Theory
Rimland
The British/American theory
Geopolitics (looked down upon after WW2)
The interplay among geography, power, politics, and international relations
14
Number of countries at the Berlin Conference
7
Number of countries that ended up with holdings after the Berlin Conference
1885
Year of the Berlin Conference
Berlin Conference
Split up Africa based on resources causing many issues
Otto Van Bismarck
Lead the Berlin Conference
Ethiopia (defended themselves against the Italians) and Liberia (once controlled by the US)
Two states that did not get colonized during the Berlin Conference
The Scramble for Africa
Another name for the Berlin Conference
1914
By BLANK all borders are set from the Berlin Conference
Critical Geopolitics
Also known as the War of Words
Cold War, Critical Geopolitics
This war manifested what idea
Supranational Organizations
A seperate entity composed of three or more states that forge an association and form an administrative structure for mutual benefit in pursuit of shared goals
Fragmented
Separate pieces of the state
Prorupt
A protruding area that extends from the core of the state
Elongated
Great in length minimal in width
Perforated
A country that has another country existing within it (Mequon would be the perforated state)
Compact
Distance from center does not vary
Exclave
Bordered by countries on three or fewer sides
Alaska
Example of an Exclave
Enclave
Completely surrounded by other states
Define, Delimit, Demarcate, Administrate
4 Steps to creating a boundary
Define
Write down the coordinates of a boundary
Delimit
Draw the boundary on a map
Demarcate
Optional step, put up a physical barrier along the boundary
Administrate
Regulate the boundary
Fragmented, Prorupt, elongated, perforated, compact
5 different state shapes
Commodification
The process of placing a price on a good, service, or idea and then buying, selling, and trading that item
Capitalism
In the world economy, individuals, corporations, and states produce goods and services that are exchanged for profit
One market/global division of labor, everything takes place in the world economy, world economy has a three-tier structure
3 basic tennets of world-systems theory
Wallerstein
Created world-systems theory
Core
Processes that incorporate higher levels of education
Periphery
Processes that incorporate lower levels of education
Ethnocultural movements, economic forces, and territorial influences
3 types of devolution
Czechoslovakia and Yugoslavia
2 examples of ethnocultural devolution
Spain, Italy, and France
3 examples of economic devolution
France and China
2 examples of territorail devolution
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