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Ch 5 EDU 111 Flashcards

Terms in this set (37)

Socratic Questioning
Socrates used questioning strategies when teaching to help his pupils see their errors and find truth; Socratic questioning is essential for the study of truth, beauty, goodness, liberty, equality, and justice
Monitorial System
a system employed in crowded schools in which older students instruct/teach younger students
Parochial Schools
schools based on religious beliefs established in the middle colonies (New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, and Delaware)
Dame Schools
provided initial instruction for boys and often the only schooling for girls; run by widows or housewives in their homes and supported by modest fees from parents; classes usually held in the kitchen; children learned essentials of reading, writing, and arithmetic
Horn Book
copy of the alphabet covered by a thin transparent sheet made from a cow's horn
Reading and writing schools
boys received an education that went beyond what their parents could teach them at home or what they could learn at a dame school; reading lessons based on the Bible, various religious catechisms, and the New England Primer
Latin grammar school
patterned after the classical schools of Europe; comparable to secondary school; prepared students to enter Harvard College and then assume leadership roles in the church
Massachusetts Act of 1642
required that children learn to read and write; law that required each town to determine whether young people could read and write; parents and apprentices' could be fined or lose custody of their children
Massachusetts Act of 1647
mandated the establishment and support of schools; towns of 50 households or more were to appoint a person to teach; teachers were to be paid by masters or parents of the children or inhabitants of the town; required towns of 100 households or more to establish a Latin grammar school
Academies
privately controlled and financed; secular; supported by public funds; broader curriculum and more practical compared to previous schools
Female Seminaries
established in the early 19th century to train women for higher education and public service outside the home
Normal School
first public one opened in Lexington, Massachusetts; curriculum consisted of general-knowledge courses plus courses in pedagogy (or teaching) and practice teaching in a model school affiliated with the normal school
McGuffey readers
books that ranged in difficulty from 1st to 6th grade level; books emphasized virtues such as hard work, honesty, truth , charity, and obedience
Morrill Land-Grant Act
provided federal land for states either to sell or to rent in order to raise funds for the establishment of colleges of agriculture and mechanical arts
Scientific Management
school officials undertook reforms based on management principles and techniques from big business
Kindergarten
stressed the motor development and self-activity of children before they began formal schooling at the elementary level
Freedmen's Bureau
provides the "foundations for education" for former slaves; operated "a vast network of reading, writing, and industrial schools that operated by day, night, and on Sundays"
Committee of Ten
the directors of the National Education Association appropriated $2,500 for the Committee of Ten to hold nine conferences that focused on subjects in high school curriuculum (Latin, Greek, English, other modern languages, mathematics, physics, astronomy, and chemistry, natural history, history, civil government, and political science, and geography); the committee decided the primary function of high schools was to take intellectually elite students and prepare them for life
Committee of Fifteen
examined the elementary curriculum
Commission on the Reorganization of Secondary Education
released a report that called for a high school curriculum designed to accommodate individual differences in scholastic ability; seven education goals were to provide the focus for schooling at all levels
Progressivism
philosophical orientation based on the belief that life is evolving in a positive direction, that people may be trusted to act in their own best interest, and that education should focus on children's interests and practical needs
Progressive Movement
late 19th and early 20th century; intent on social reform to improve the quality of American life
Montessori Method
teachers created learning environments based on students' levels of development and readiness to learn new material
Lanham Act
provided funding for the training of workers in war plants by U.S Office of Education personnel, and the construction of schools in areas where military personnel and workers on federal projects resided, and the provision of child care for the children of working parents
G.I. Bill of Rights
has provided millions of veterans with payments for tuition and room and board at colleges and universities and at special schools
National Defense Education Act of 1958
the U.S. Office of Education sponsored research and innovation in science, math, modern foreign languages, and guidance through provisions of this act
desegregation
U.S. supreme court rejected the "separate but equal" doctrine; schools began desegregating at the end of WWII
Elementary and Secondary Education Act
education of low-income children received a boost when Congress passed this act; act allocated funds on the basis of the number of poor children in the school districts
accountability
limited teachers' instructional flexibility and extended their evaluation paperwork
back-to-basics
back-to-basics advocates charged that students were not learning how to read, write, and compute
Title IX
stated that "no person in the US shall, on the basis of sex, be excluded from participation in, be denied benefits of, or be subjected to discrimination under any education program or activity receiving Federal financial assistance"
Education for All Handicapped Children Act
extended greater educational opportunities to children with disabilities; referred to as mainstreaming laws
A Nation at Risk: The Imperative for Educational Reform
gave evidence to some that the schools were failing to achieve their goals; a national debate
Paideia Proposal
written by Mortimer Alder; called for a perennials core curriculum based on the Great Books
High School: A Report on Secondary Education in America
written by Ernest boyer; suggested that strengthening the academic core curriculum in high schools
Achievement Gap
exists between White students and Hispanic, Black, and American Indian/Alaska Native students on many measures of educational achievement
Common Core State Standards Initiative (CCSSI)
to bring uniformity to a "patchwork quilt" of state standards
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