Comm A Midterm

What are the seven elements of the speech communication process?
Click the card to flip 👆
1 / 83
Terms in this set (83)
What are the seven elements of the speech communication process?
the speaker, the listener, feedback, situation, message, channel and interference
What are similarities between public speaking and daily conversation?
organizing your thoughts logically, tailoring your message for your audience, telling a story for maximum impact and adapting to listener
feedback.
Define ethics
a philosophical branch that deals with issues of right and wrong in human affairs
List the guidelines for ethical speaking
Make sure your goals are ethically sound, be fully prepared for each speech, be honest in what you say, avoid name-calling and abusive language and put ethical principles into practice
What are the three types of plagiarism?
Global, patchwork and incremental
Tell me the guidelines for ethical listening
Be courteous and attentive, avoid prejudging the speaker and maintain the free and open expression of ideas
What are the four kinds of listening?
appreciative, empathetic, comprehensive and critical
Define critical listening.
listening to evaluate a message for purposes of accepting or rejecting it.
What are the four causes of poor listening?
not concentrating, listening too hard, jumping to conclusions and focusing on delivery and appearance.
What are three ways to focus your listening?
Listen for main points, listen for evidence and listen for technique
What is a transition?a word or phrase that indicates when the speaker has finished one thought and is moving on to another.What is the difference between a signpost and an internal preview or summary?Signpost-statement that indicates where a speaker is in the speech vs. Internal Preview/Summary statement that lets audience know what theyre going to discuss nextWhat are the five things to concentrate on in your first class speech?starting your speech, gestures, eye contact, voice and dealing with nervesDefine topical ordera method of speech organization in which the main points divide the topic into logical and consistent subtopics.What is a specific purpose statement?a single infinitive phrase that states precisely what the speaker hopes to accomplish in his or her speech.What is wrong with this specific purpose statement: "To inform my audience about the history of Mexico."Too broad, does not indicate the direction the speech will take.Pick which is false out of the following: a.) Your conclusion is a place to resummarize the points of your speech b.) your conclusion should be brief c.) your conclusion is a great place to introduce a new, final piece of evidence d.) your conclusion is a good place to refer back to your introductioncWhat are three factors to consider when searching the internet?authorship, sponsorship and recencyWhat are three tips for doing research?start early, make a preliminary bibliography and take notes efficientlyHow many main points should be in the body of a speech?2 to 5What method of organization would you use to discuss the species contained in different areas of a beach?spatial orderTell me the order in which you would present the following at the beginning of a speechthe specific purpose, general purpose, central idea and method of organizationWhat are the four parts of an introduction in a speech?Gain attention and interest, reveal topic, establish credibility and good will and preview the body of the speechDefine credibilitythe audience's perception of whether a speaker is qualified to speak on a given topicWhat are the two major functions of a conclusionto let the audience know you are ending your speech and to reinforce the audience's understanding of, or commitment to, the central ideaWhat is a speaking outlinea brief outline used to jog a speaker's memory during the presentation of a speechWhat are the guidelines for a speaking outlinefollow the visual framework used in the preparation outline, make sure the outline is legible, keep the outline as brief as possible and give yourself delivery cuesWhat is the visual framework of a speech?the pattern of symbolization and indentation in a speech outline that shows the relationships among the speaker's ideasWhat are the four basic methods of delivery?reading verbatim from a manuscript, reciting a memorized text, speaking impromptu and speaking extemporaneouslyWhat is a pie chart?a graph that highlights segments of a circle to show simple distribution patternsWhat is a vocalized pausea pause that occurs when a speaker fills in the silence between words with vocalizations such as "uh", "er" and "um."If one were describing the rise of college tuition between 1950 and 2013, what would be the most appropriate type of graph?a line graphWhat is ethnocentrism?the belief that one's own group or culture is superior to all other groups or cultures.What are the 7 guidelines for preparing visual aids? Or list 3prepare visual aids well in advance, keep visuals simple, make sure aids are large enough, used limited text, use fonts effectively, use color effectively and use images strategicallyAll of the following fall under the guidelines for presenting visual aids except: -a.) display them where listeners can see them, b.)pass visual aids among the audience so they can see them c.)display visual aids only while discussing them d.) practice with the aids before the speechbWhat is an object?anything that is visible, tangible and stable in formTell me what type of informative speech this specific purpose statement implies: "to inform the audience how U.S. currency is made."processWhat are three methods you can use to avoid abstractions in your speeches?description, comparisons and contrastingDifferences between public speaker vs. conversationMore highly structured and formal language, requires a different method of deliveryWhat are the different types of speechesobjects, processes, events, and conceptsGuidelines to writing a speechlimit between 2-5 main points, keep points separate, try using the same pattern of wording for all points, balance amount of time devoted to each pointInformative speaking guidelinesdont overestimate what the audience knows, relate the subject directly to the audience, dont be too techincal, avoid abstractions, personalize your ideas, be creativegeneral purposethe broad goal of a speechspecific purposesingle infinite phrase that states precisely what a speaker hopes to accomplish in the speechcentral ideaone-sentence statement that sums up or encapsulates the major ideas of a speechbrainstorming proceduresmake an inventory of your hobbies, interests, skills, beliefs..., use clustering to list the first topics hat come in mind in several categories, use an internet subject directory or similar reference to help scan possible topicsSpecific purpose statement guidelinesbe a full infinitive phrase, be worded as a statement, avoid figurative language, concentrate on one distinct idea, not be vague or generalConnectivea word or phrase that connects the ideas of a speech and indicates the relationships among themInternal previewa statement in the body of the speech that summarizes the speaker's preceding point or pointsSignpostvery brief statement that indicates where a speaker is in the speech or that focuses attention on key ideasappreciative listeninglistening for pleasure or enjoymentempathetic listeninglistening to provide emotional support for a speakercomprehensivelistening to understand the message of a speakercritical listeninglistening to evaluate a message for purposes of accepting or rejecting itActive listeninggiving undivided attention to a speaker in a genuine effort to understand the speaker's point of viewFour causes of poor listeningnot concentrating, listening too hard, jumping to conclusions, focusing on delivery and personality appearanceHow to become a better listenertake listening seriously, be an active listener, resist distractions, don't be diverted by appearance or delivery, suspend judgment, focus your listening for main points, evidence, and techniqueDiscuss methods of controlling nervousness and making it work for, rather than against, the speakeracquire speaking experience, prepare, think positively, use the power of visualization, know that most nervousness is not visible, dont expect perfectionDefine ethnocentrism, and explain why speakers need to avoid itis the belief that one's own group or culture is superior to others. Avoid because you need to keep in mind that all people have their own beliefs and customs, because it can lead to prejudice and hostility towards other groupslist and discuss 5 guidelines to ethical speechmakingmake sure goals are ethically sound be fully prepared for each speech be honest in what you say avoid name-calling and other forms of abusive language put ethical principles into practiceidentify and differentiate between global, patchwork, and incremental plagiarismglobal-stealing a speech entirely from a single source and making it your own patchwork-stealing ideas or language from 2-3 sources incremental-failing to give credit for particular parts in your speechlist and discuss the 3 guidelines for ethical listeningbe courteous and attentive avoid prejudging the speaker maintain the free and open expression of ideasexplain the difference between hearing and listeninghearing is the vibration of sound waves on the eardrums and the firing of electrochemical impulses in the brain listening is paying close attention to and making sense of what we hearidentify the four major causes of poor listeningnot concentrating, listening too hard, jumping to conclusions, focusing on delivery and personal appearanceexplain methods one can use when having trouble choosing a speech topica topic you know a lot about a topic you want to learn more about make a personal inventory, clustering, reference search, internet searchdiscuss 5 tips for formulating specific purpose statements and five questions to ask about themwrite as a full infinitive phrase, express the purpose of your statement, avoid figurative language, limit to one distinct idea, dont be too vague Does my purpose meet the assignment? can i accomplish it in allotted time? is it relevant to audience? is it too trivial? is it too technical?discuss and apply the four guidelines for effective central ideasexpressed in full sentences should not be in the form of a question should avoid figurative language should not be vague or overly generalexplain and apply the 5 guidelines for informative speakingdont overestimate what the audience knows relate the subject directly to the audience dont be too technical avoid abstractions personalize your ideas be creativeExplain three ways to avoid abstractions in an informative speechavoid this through description, comparisons, contrastidentify and discuss the five major methods of organizing main points in a speechchronological order spatial order causal order problem-solution topicaldiscuss the guidelines for organizing main pointskeep main points separate try to use the same pattern of working for the main points balance the amount of time devoted to main pointsidentify the four objectives of a speech introductionget attention and interest reveal the topic of your speech establish credibility and goodwill preview the body of the speechexplain 7 methods that can be used to gain attention in an introductionrelate the topic to audience state the importance of your topic startle the audience arouse the curiosity question the audience begin with a quote tell a storyidentify methods for fulfilling the functions of a speechsummarize speech end with a quote make a dramatic statement refer to introdifferentiate between preparation outline and speaking outlineprep-detailed outline title, specific purpose, central idea, intro, main points, subpoints, connectives, conclusion and biblio speaking-breif outline used to jog speaker's memory during presentationutilize the guidelines for effective preparation outlinestate specific purpose statement identify central idea label the intro, body, conclusion use a consistent pattern of symbolization and indentation state main points and subpoints label transitions, internal summaries/previews attach biblio titleexplain 3 major advantages of using visual aidsenhances every aspect of a speech, heighten audience interest, shift attention away from speaker, give speaker greater confidence in presentationdiscuss and apply the guidelines for effective use of visual aids in a speechprepare visual aid in advance keep them simple make them large enough use fonts that are easy to read use color effectively avoid using chalk board avoid passing visual aids in audience display when talking about them talk to audience explain clearly practice with themidentify and differentiate among the four methods of delivering a speechreading from the manuscript, reciting from memory, speaking impromptu, speaking extemporaneouslyexplain the 8 aspects of voice usage that are crucial to public speakingvolume pitch rate pauses vocal variety pronunciation articulationExplain the 5 step method for effectively practicing deliverypersonal appearance movement gestures eye contactcataloguelisting of all the books, periodicals, and other resources owned by a libraryreference workwork that synthesizes a large amount of related info for easy access by researchers