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Unit 5b: Creativity (Does not include Memory and Individual Differences)

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Cognition

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Terms in this set (24)

Mental activities associated with thinking, knowing, remembering and communicating

Mental groupings of similar objects, events, ideas, and people (e.g. "car" includes many types of cars)

A mental image of the best approximation of all the traits of a category (e.g. When we think of "bird", we might picture a pigeon instead of a flamingo, penguin or hummingbird)

Step-by-step process of solving a problem - Slower, but more guaranteed

Shortcuts in thinking (automatic process of solving problems) - This process is prone to error

Representativeness Heuristic

Judging the likelihood of events based on how well they seem to represent particular prototypes

Availability Heuristic

Estimating the likelihood of events based on how easily they come to mind

The way a sentence of structured can affect how a person reacts to it (e.g. "95% success rate" sounds better than "5% failure rate")

A sudden solution to a problem

The ability to produce novel and valuable ideas

A well-developed base of knowledge

Functional fixation

The inability to see the solution to a problem from a unique "outside of the box" perspective

The approach to a problem in the way that your brain thinks it "ought" to be done

Confirmation Bias

The tendency to seek out only information that agrees with our preexisting ideas, and ignore contradictory information

Belief Perseverance

Once a person forms an idea, it becomes difficult to persuade them otherwise