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capter 9 criminal justice

Terms in this set (31)

theft
a general term embracing a wide variety of misconduct by which a person is unlawfully deprived of his or her property
acquisitive offense
a crime that involves the unlawful acquiring or appropriation of someone else's property. larceny, extortion, embezzlement, false pretenses robbery and the receiving of stolen property are all wrongful acquisition offenses. also called wrongful acquisition crime and crime misappropriation
larceny
The trespassory or wrongful taking and carrying away asportation of the personal property of another with intent to steal
tangible property
property that has physical form and can be touched such as land goods jewelry and furniture also movable property that can be taken and carried away
personal property
anything of value that is subject to ownership and that is not land or fixture
fixture
an item that is permanently affixed to the land
intangible property
property that has no intrinsic value but that represents something of value. intangible personal property may include documents deeds records of ownership promissory notes stock certificates computer software and intellectual property
real property
land and fixtures
trespassory taking
for crimes of theft a taking with put the consent of the victim
asportation
the trespassory taking and carrying away as of personal property in the crime of larceny or of the victim in kidnapping
claim of right
a defense against a charge of larceny that consists of an honest belief in ownership or right to possession
embezzlement
the misappropriation of property already in the possession of the defendant. also the unlawful,conversion of the personal property of another by a person to whom it has been entrusted by or for its rightful owner
conversion
the unauthorized assumption of the right of ownership. conversion is a central feature of the crime of embezzlement as in the unlawful conversion of the personal property of another by a person to whom it has been entrusted
false pretenses
knowingly and unlawfully obtaining title to and possession of the lawful property of another by means of deception and with intent to defraud also called obtaining property by false pretenses
forgery
the making of a false written instrument or the material alteration of an existing genuine written instrument
uttering
the offering or passing or attempted passing of a forged instrument with knowledge that the document is false and with intent to defraud
criminal simulation
the making of a false document or object that does not have any apparent legal significance
receiving stolen property
knowingly taking possession of or control over property that has been unlawfully stolen from another. accepting property that the receiver knew was stolen or that the receiver knew was stolen or that he or she should have known was stolen
robbery
the unlawful taking of property that is in the immediate possession of another by force or by threat of force also larceny from a person by violence or intimidation or by place the person in fear
extortion
the taking of personal property by threat of future harm
black mail
a form of extortion in which a threat is made to disclose a crime or other social disgrace
compounding a crime
the receipt of property or other valuable consideration in exchange for agreeing to conceal or not prosecute one who has committed a crime also called compounding a felony
identity theft
the unauthorized use of another individuals' personal identity to fraudulently obtain money goods or services to avoid the payment of debt or avoid the breaking and avoid criminal prosecution
burglary
the breaking and entering of a building locked automobile boat and so on with the intent to commit a felony of theft also the entering of a structure for the purposes of committing a felony or theft
constructive entry
in the crime of burglary an entry that occurs when the defendant causes another person to enter a structure to commit a crime or for a felonious purpose
criminal trespass
the entering or remaining on the property or inthe bulding of another when entry was forbidden also failing to depart after receiving notice to do so
criminal mischief
the intentional or knowing damage or destruction of the tangible property of another
looting
burglary committed within an affected geographic area during an officially declared state of emergency or during a local emergency resulting from an earthquake fire flood riot or other disaster
arson
the knowing and malicious burning of the personal property of another or the burning of ones own property if the purpose is to collect insurance money
intellectual property
a form of creative endeavor that can be protected through patent copyright trademark or other legal means intellectual property includes proprietary knowledge trade secrets confidentiality agreements know how ideas inventions creations technologies processes work of art and literature and scientific discoveries or improvements
computer crime
a crime that employs computer technology as central to its commission and that could not take place without such technology also called cyber crime
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