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the skeletal plan

Terms in this set (80)

articulation
another term meaning "joint", where 2 or more bones meet
depression
a dent in a bone
prominence/ protussion/ process
something sticking out on a bone
cavity
a partially enclosed opening in a bone
foramen/ foramina
a SHORT opening in a bone, serves as a passageway for nerves and/or blood vessels
fossa
a shallow depression/ dent in a bone or a socket for another bone to articulate with
meatus
a LONG, CANAL like passageway in a bone
fissure
a narrow slit in a bone, can be natural or caused by injury
sinus/ antrum
a cavity in a bone
sulcus
a grave or furrow in a bone/ organ
condyle
a rounded, knuckle-like protrusion on a bone where it articulates with another bone, muscle attachment
tuberosity
a large, rounded process on a bone which serves as a point of attachment for muscle
tubercle
a small rounded process that serves as a muscle attachment
trochanter
a very large process that serves as a muscle attachment
head
usually the top, rounded end of a bone
neck
narrow portion of bone below the head
crest
a long, narrow raised ridge of bone
spine
a sharp, slender, pointed protrusion
diaphysis
the elongated shaft of a bone
epiphysis
the 2 enlarged, rounded ends of a bone
metaphysis
where the epiphysis meets the diaphysis
metaphysis
what has the epiphyseal disk?
epiphyseal disk
a plate of hyaline cartilage in the metaphysis, known as growth plate, ossifies with age
medullary cavity
hollow chamber within diaphysis/ shaft
endosteum
membrane lining the medullary cavity
yellow marrow
fatty material within medullary cavity and cancellous tissue of extremities
red marrow
found in cancellous bone tissue of epiphysis of humerus and femur. also found in ribs, sternum, vertebrae, and hip.
periosteum
fibrous connective tissue that covers the entire outer surface of bone (except articulating surfaces)
articular cartilage
hyaline cartilage covering the articulating ends of the bones (epiphysis)
axial skeleton
trunk and head
maxilla and mandible
2 bones in the skull
skull, hyoid bone, vertebral column, rib cage, and sternum
all parts in the axial skeleton
12
how many pairs of ribs are there?
scapula
shoulder blade
clavicle
collar bone
scapula, clavicle
2 parts in the shoulder girdle?
humerus
upper arm
radius
lateral forearm bone (more curved one)
ulna
medial forearm bone
carpals
wrist bones
metacarpals
hand bones
phalanges
individual finger bones
humerus, radius, ulna
3 bones in the arms?
carpals, metacarpals, phalanges
3 bones in the hands?
os coxae
hip bones
symphysis pubis
midline of os coxae on anterior surface
os coxae, symphysis pubis
2 parts of the pelvic girdle
femur
upper leg
patella
knee cap
tibia
shin bone (bigger one)
fibula
calf bone
femur, patella, tibia, fibula
4 bones in the leg
tarsals
ankles bones
metatarsals
foot bones (middle)
phalanges
individual toe bones
nature, force
the type of fracture depends on the - and type of - applied to the bone
closed/ simple fracture
doesn't break the surface of the skin
compound fracture
bones break through the surface of the skin
complete fracture
the break does go all the way through the bone
incomplete fracture
the break doesn't go all the way through the bone
osteomyelitis
infection of bone marrow
greenstick fracture
caused by a bending of the bone, break occurs on the outer bend of the bone, commonly occurs in young children
fissure fracture
a linear (line) splitting of the bone, AKA "hair-line" fracture
transverse fracture
a complete break that is horizontal to the long axis of the shaft of the bone
segmental fracture
a SINGLE piece of bone completely broken off of the shaft of the bone
comminuted fracture
a complete break with 2 OR MORE pieces broken off the shaft of the bone
oblique fracture
a complete break that is diagonal to the long axis of the bone
spiral fracture
a complete fracture caused by a twisting of the bone
displaced fracture
a piece of bone is forced completely out of alignment and a lot of damage is done to surrounding tissue, often occurs in the pelvis
compact fracture
the broken piece of bone is wedged into another portion of bone
compression fracture
when the thickness of a bone is compressed, often occurs to vertebrae
dislocation
NOT A FRACTURE!!! when a bone is forced out of alignment at it's point of articulation
colle's fracture
displacement of fracture at the wrist joint
pott's fracture
displacement or fracture at the ankle joint
open reduction
surgery needed to set a bone
closed reduction
setting bones without surgery
pathological fracture
fracture not due to trauma, but the result of the weakening of the bone (osteoporosis)
rickets/ osteomalacia
softening of bones due to the lack of vitamin D and calcium
osteoporosis
a gradual loss of bone mass, commonly occurs in females over 40, results from lack of vitamin D, calcium, and exercise throughout life, also associated with the lack of estrogen production during and after menopause
trauma
fracture/ injury caused by an accident
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