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A&P-Tissue

Terms in this set (56)

Histology
Study of tissue
Tissue
Group of cells performing a common function
Components is tissue
Cells and matrix
Types of tissue
Epithelial, connective, muscle, nervous
Epithelial Functions
-protection
-secretion
-excretion
-absorption
Epithelial location
-covering body surfaces
-covering and lining of our internal organs
-makes up glands
Epithelial distinguishing characteristics
-tightly packed cells
-lack of blood cells
-free surface
-basement membrane
-readily divide
Free surface
Exposed side of epithelial tissue
Basement membrane
Non-free surface attached to underlying connective tissue
Matrix
Material between cells, lacking in epithelial
Simple epithelial
1 layer between BM and FS
Stratified epithelial
More than 1 layer between BM and FS
Pseudostratified epithelial
Appears layered because nuclei are on different levels, not truly layered
How to classify epithelial
1) number of layers-simple, squamous, pseudostratified
2)shape-squamous, cuboidal, columnar, transitional
3)cilia-yes or no
4) keratinized-yes or no
Keratinized
Cells are dead at surface, noted by lack of nuclei
Nervous tissue function
Transmits impulses (messages)
Nervous tissue location
-brain
-spinal cord
-nerves
Nervous tissue distinguishing characteristics
-cells have long tendrils
-cells connect to each pther and to other body parts
Cells found in nervous tissue
-neurons (imoulse conducting cells)
-neuroglial cells (support cells)
Parts of nervous tissue cells
-nucleus
-cell body
-axon
-dendrites
-neuroglia cells
Muscle tissue function
Movement
Muscle tissue location
-attached to bone (skeletal)
-walls of hollow internal organs (smooth)
-heart (cardiac)
Muscle tissue distinguishing characteristics
-thin, elongated, cylindrical cells
-elongated nuclei
-contractile
Which tissue is the most abundant in the body?
Muscle tissue
Smooth muscle tissue
-makes up walls of hollow organs
-spindle shape, one nucleus per cell
-involuntary
Skeletal muscle tissue
-found attached to bone
-long, threadlike cells
-multiple nuclei
-voluntary
Cardiac muscle tissue
-Found in the heart
-long, striated, branched cells
-one nucleus per cell
-intercalated disks joining each cell
-involuntary
Connective tissue functions
-bind (loose and dense connective)
-support (bone and cartilage)
-fill spaces between structures
-stores fat (adipose)
-produce blood cells (bone)
-transport nutrients and waste (blood)
Connective tissue location
-widely distributed
Connective distinguishing characteristics
-matrix between cells
-good blood supply
Identifying connective tissue
-not tightly packed together
-have a good blood supply
-abundance of matrix
-consistency varies (fluid, semisolid, solid)
Classifying connective tissue
-matrix and fibers-protein matrix, protein/ground substance matrix, fluid matrix
-types of cells-fixed cells, wandering cells
Collagen fibers
White, thick, flexible, slightly elastic, very strong (found in tendons and ligaments)
Protein matrix
Has a dominance of protein fibers
Elastin fibers
Yellow, thin, very elastic, somewhat weak (found in vocal cords)
Reticular fibers
Very thin, branched, delicate (found in liver and spleen)
Protein/ground substance matrix
Some protein fibers and a great deal of nonfibrous proteins
Fibrocartilage
Found in intervertebral discs or compact bone
Fluid matrix
Water-based solution
Fixed cells
Reside in tissue for an extended period of time
Fibroblasts
-very common
-large, start shaped cells
-produce fibers by secreting proteins into the matrix
Mast cells
Large cells that release heparin and histamine
Wandering cells
Appear in tissue usually in response to an injury or infection
Macrophages
-phagocytes that engulf foreign particles
-of the white blood cell lineage
Types of fibrous tissue
-loose connective
-dense regular connective
-dense irregular connectice
Loose connective
Found below basement membranes of epithelial tissue
Dense regular connectice
Makes up tendons and ligaments
Dense irregular connective
Makes up dermis of the skin
Adipose tissue location
Primarily below the skin
Hyaline cartilage
Found on the surface of bone
Fibrocartilage
Found between each vertebra
Elastic cartilage
Makes up ear and nose
Lacunae
Depression thats holds a cell (holds chondrocyte or osteocyte)
Chondro=
Cartilage
Types of bone tissue
-compact bone
-spongy bone
Blood tissue
Fluid matrix tissue
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