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postural abnormalities

Terms in this set (30)

torticollis description
Inclining head to affected side, in which sternocleidomastoid muscle is contracted
torticollis cause
Congenital or acquired condition
torticollis treatment
Surgery, heat, support, or immobilization, depending on cause and severity; gentle ROM
lordosis description
Exaggeration of anterior convex curve of lumbar spine
lordosis cause
Congenital condition; temporary condition (e.g., pregnancy)
lordosis treatment
Spine-stretching exercises (based on cause)
kyphosis description
Increased convexity in curvature of thoracic spine
kyphosis cause
Congenital condition; rickets, osteoporosis; tuberculosis of spine
kyphosis treatment
Spine-stretching exercises, sleeping without pillows, using bed board, bracing, surgical spinal fusion (based on cause and severity)
scoliosis description
Lateral S- or C-shaped spinal column with vertebral rotation, unequal heights of hips and shoulders
scoliosis cause
Sometimes a consequence of numerous congenital, connective tissue, and neuromuscular disorders
scoliosis treatment
Approximately half of children with scoliosis require surgery
Nonsurgical treatment is with braces and exercises
congenital hip dysplasia description
Hip instability with limited abduction of hips and occasionally adduction contractures (head of femur does not articulate with acetabulum because of abnormal shallowness of acetabulum)
congenital hip dysplasia cause
Congenital condition (more common with breech deliveries)
congenital hip dysplasia treatment
Maintenance of continuous abduction of thigh so head of femur presses into center of acetabulum; abduction splints, casting, surgery
knock knee description
Legs curved inward so knees come together as person walks
knock knee cause
Congenital condition; rickets
knock knee treatment
Knee braces; surgery if not corrected by growth
bowlegs description
One or both legs bent outward at knee, which is normal until 2 to 3 years of age
bowlegs cause
Congenital condition; rickets
bowlegs treatment
Slowing rate of curving if not corrected by growth; with rickets, increase of vitamin D, calcium, and phosphorus intake to normal ranges
club foot description
95%: Medial deviation and plantar flexion of foot (equinovarus)
5%: Lateral deviation and dorsiflexion (calcaneovalgus)
club foot cause
Congenital condition
club foot treatment
Casts, splints such as Denis Browne splint, and surgery (based on degree and rigidity of deformity
foot drop description
Inability to dorsiflex and invert foot because of peroneal nerve damage
foot drop cause
Congenital condition; trauma; improper position of immobilized patient
food drop treatment
None (cannot be corrected); prevention through physical therapy; bracing with ankle-foot orthotic (AFO)
pigeon toes description
Internal rotation of forefoot or entire foot; common in infants
pigeon toes cause
Congenital condition; habit
pigeon toes treatment
Growth; wearing reversed shoes
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