Upgrade to remove ads
Only $35.99/year

Political Systems (Chapter 12 Kottak)

Terms in this set (26)

Achieved Status
Based on choices, actions, efforts, or circumstances and may be positive or negative.
Ascribed Status
People have little or no choice about occupying them. Example: Age, male/female,
Authority
The formal, socially approved use of power.
Big Man
Figure often found among tribes... occupies no office but creates his reputation through entrepreneurship and generosity to others (multiple tribes). Neither his wealth or his position passes to his heirs (regulator of regional political organization) .
Chiefdom
A form of sociopolitical organization intermediate between the tribe and the state.
Conflict Resolution
The aboriginal Inuit provide a classic example of methods of settling disputes in stateless societies.
Differential Access
Some people had more wealth, prestige, and powers than others did.
Fiscal
Financial mechanisms (tax).
Hegemony
A stratified social order in which subordinates comply with domination by internalizing their rulers' values and accepting the "naturalness" of domination.
Law
A legal code with trial and enforcement.
Norms
Cultural standards or guidelines that enable individuals to distinguish between appropriate and inappropriate behavior in a given society.
Office
Permanent position, which must be refilled when it is vacated by death or retirement.
Pan-tribal Sodality
Groups that extend across the whole tribe, spanning several villages (non-kin).
Power
The ability to exercise one's will over others.
Prestige
The basis of social status - refers to esteem, respect, or approval for act, deeds, or qualities considered exemplary.
Social Control
Cultural standards or guidelines that enable individuals to distinguish between appropriate and inappropriate behavior.
Sociopolitical Typology
Service Labels ( chiefdom, tribe, band and state).
State
A form of sociopolitical organization based on on a formal government structure and socioeconomic stratification.
Status
Usually used as a synonym for prestige.
Subordinate
the lower or underprivileged.
Superordinate
The higher or elite
Tribe
Typically have economies based on horticulture and pastoralism.
Village Head
Male leadership position in a village; has limited authority (one village) and leads by example and persuasion (peace/ high figure/ reasonable).
Wealth
Encompasses all a persons material assets, including income, land, and other types of property.
Chiefly Redistribution
The practice in which goods are given to a chief as a symbol of loyalty and respect to a superior individual and the chief usually gives back to the people with a feast.
Stratum Endogamy
Marriage within one's own group (elites marrying elites) .
Sets with similar terms