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7th Grade Science-Chapter 5

Terms in this set (25)

Dominant Trait
genetic factor that blocks another genetic factor
Egg
haploid sex cell formed in the female reproductive organ
Genetics
study of how traits are passed from parents to offspring
Heredity
passing of traits from parents to offspring
Hybrid
offspring of two plants or animals with different forms of the same trait
Recessive Trait
genetic factor that is blocked by the presence of a dominant factor
Sperm
haploid sex cell formed in the male reproductive organs
Allele
different form of a gene
codominance
occurs when both alleles can be observed in the offspring's phenotype
conclude
to reach a logically necessary end by reasoning
Gene
section on a chromosome that has genetic information for one trait
Genotype
two alleles that control the phenotype of a trait
Heterozygous
having two different alleles of a gene
Homozygous
having the same two alleles of a gene
Incomplete Dominance
occurs when the offspring's phenotype is a blend of the parents' phenotypes
Phenotype
how a trait appears or is expressed
Polygenic Inheritance
occurs when multiple genes determine the phenotype of a trait
Punnett Square
model used to predict possible genotypes and phenotypes of offspring
DNA
organism's genetic material
Mutation
change in the nucleotide sequence of a gene
Nucleotide
molecule made of a nitrogen base, a sugar, and a phosphate group that forms the basic structural unit of DNA
Replication
process of copying a DNA molecule to make another DNA molecule
RNA
ribonucleic acid that carries the code for making proteins
Transcription
process of making mRNA from DNA
Translation
process of making a protein from RNA
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