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SKIN DISEASES AND DISORDERS

Terms in this set (22)

acne
- comedo = inflamed plug
- pimples & blackheads
- teens to early twenties
- treatment: thorough washing
- steroid cream, UV light, Isoretinoin avoidance of certain foods, chemical face peel, dermabrasion (to treat scarring)
seborrheic dermatitis
- dandruff: oily scalp, itching, irritation, greasy scales
- treatment: frequent shampooing (tincture of green soap), brushing hair, massaging scalp
eczema
- vesicles on reddened skin which burst and weep -> crusts
- treatment: tranquilizers (stress aggravates the condition), antihistamines, steroids, wet dressings, starch baths
urticaria
- hives -> allergy or emotional stress
- treatment: steroids, antihistamines
contact dermatitis
- redness, itching, blisters, edema
- causes: poison ivy, poison oak, poison sumac, cleansing agents, cosmetics, metals
- treatment: clean with soap & water then apply alcohol, antipruitic lotions, cold & wet dressings, desensitization
psoriasis
- patchy erythema and scales
- chronic inflammatory disease, genetic
- treatment: ointment, UV light, low fat diets, steroids, antihistamines, tranquilizers
impetigo
- very contagious
- erythema, vesicles with sticky yellow crusts
- infection with staphylococcus or streptococcus
- treatment: remove crusts then apply antibiotic ointment
warts
- painless except for plantar warts
- caused by a virus...not frogs
- treatment: nitric or sulfuric acid applications deep into root of wart or freezing with liquid nitrogen
herpes simplex I/ cold sores
- caused by virus
- blisters, inflamed skin around mouth
- incurable
- treatment: tincture of benzoin, acyclovir
herpes zoster/ shingles
- viral infection with fever and malaise
- erythema and vesicles along the course of a nerve
- possibly remnant of childhood chickenpox
- treatment: analgesics, calamine lotion, acyclovir (orally)
tinea
- fungal infections I.e. athlete's foot, ringworm, jock itch
- infectious, contagious
- treatment: antifungal agents, dry feet, change socks and shoes frequently
decubitus ulcer
bedsores due to decreased circulation to a specific area of the body
infestations and bites
- pediculosis (lice): scalp hair, body hair, pubic hair
- treatment: ointments, powders, lotions with benzylbenzote or benzine hexachloride
- scabies (mites)
- treatment: thorough bathing then benzylbenzoate or benzine hexachloride
carcinoma
cancerous tumor
basal cell carcinoma
- most common
- least malignant
- slow growing
- papules that erode in the center
- pearly edge
- 99% cure rate with early excision
squamous cell carcinoma
- in keratinocytes
- scaly red papule (rounded elevation)
- rapid growth
- meets lymph
- good cure rate if caught early followed by radiation treatment
malignant melanoma
- cancer of melanocytes
- most dangerous, death 1:4 cases
- accounts for 5% of skin cancers
- nevus mole becomes dark, spreads unevenly, bleeds some
- metastic
- cause: overexposure to UV radiation (sun or tanning bed)
- little chance of survival (better if caught early)
- treatment: surgical excision with chemotherapy
American Cancer Society (ABCD) Rule for Skin Cancer
a - asymmetry
b - border irregularity
c - colors different
d - diameter (larger than 6 mm - pencil eraser)
kaposi's sarcoma
- purple papules spread to lymph nodes and other organs
- opportunistic disease of AIDS
diagnostic procedures for skin
direct examination
- good lighting required
- distribution of lesions (local or general)
- when lesions are most bothersome
- changes in patient's way of living
- wood's light (for ringworm)
- microscopic exam for scales or fungi
sensitivity tests
- patch test
- percutaneous test (scratch test)
- intradermal tests
biopsy
- dermal punch
- examined by histologist or pathologist
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