Best pedodontic space maintainer?Primary ToothThe specialty of dentistry that manages the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of the dental pulp and the periradicular tissues that surround the root of the tooth.EndodonticsCauses of Pulpal Nerve Damage1) Physical Irritation
2) TraumaSigns and Symptoms of Pulpal Nerve Damage:1) Pain when biting down
2) Pain when chewing
3) Sensitivity with hot or cold beverages
4) Facial swellingUsed to determine whether the inflammatory process has extended into the periapical tissues.Percussion TestsCompleted by the dentist tapping on the incisal or occlusal surface of the tooth in question with the end of the mouth mirror handle held parallel to the long axis of the tooth.Percussion Tests-Used to determine whether the inflammatory process has extended into the periapical tissues.
-The dentist applies firm pressure to the mucosa above the apex of the root.Palpation TestsTesting:
Necrotic pulp will not respond to cold or hot.Thermal SensitivityTesting:
Ice, dry ice, or ethyl chloride used to determine the response of a tooth to cold.Cold TestTesting:
Piece of gutta-percha or instrument handle heated and applied to the facial surface of the tooth.Heat TestTesting:
Delivers a small electrical stimulus to the pulp.Electric Pulp TestingWhat are the radiographs in endodontics?1) Initial
2) Working length
3) Master Cone
4) Final Instrumentation
5) Root canal completion
6) RecallRequirements of Endodontic Films:1) Show 4-5 mm beyond the apex of the tooth and the surrounding bone or pathologic condition.
2) Present an accurate image of the tooth without elongation or fore-shortening.
3) Exhibit good contrast so all pertinent structures are readily identifiable.The pulp is irritated, and the patient is experiencing pain to thermal stimuli.Reversible PulpitisThe tooth will display symptoms of lingering pain.Irreversible PulpitisAn inflammatory reaction to pulpal infection that can be chronic or have rapid onset with pain, tenderness of the tooth to pressure, pus formation, and swelling of the tissues.Periradicular AbscessAn inflammatory reaction frequently caused by bacteria entrapped in the periodontal sulcus. A patient will experience rapid onset, pain, tenderness of the tooth to pressure, pus formation, and swelling.Periodontal abscessA cyst that develops at or near the root of a necrotic tooth. These types of cysts develop as an inflammatory response to pulpal infection and necrosis of the pulp.Periradicular cystThe decrease of living cells within the pulp causing fibrous tissue to take over the pulpal canal.Pulp fibrosisAlso referred to as nonvital. Used to describe a tooth that does not respond to sensory stimulus.Necrotic ToothA covering of calcium hydroxide is placed over an exposed or nearly exposed pulp to encourage the formation of irritated dentin at the site of injury.Pulp Capping______ ______ cap is indicated when a thin partition of dentin is still intact.Indirect pulp cap_______ ______ cap is indicated when the pulp has been slightly exposed.Direct pulp capInstrument(s) in RCT that shapes the canal?1) Gates-Gildden Bur
2) Pesso ReamerInstrument(s) in RCT that spread material in canal?Lentil SpiralRCT best irrigant?Sodium HypochloriteCaused by persistent infection, severely curved roots, perforation of the canal, fractured roots, extensive root resorption, pulp stones, or accessory canals that cannot be treated.Endodontic FailureTo surgically remove the apical portion of the root with the use of a high‑speed handpiece and bur.Apicoectomy and Apical CurettageA surgery performed to remove one or more roots of a multirooted tooth without removing the crown.Root AmputationA procedure in which the root and the crown are cut lengthwise and removed.HemisectionHow to condense gutta percha points?Lateral CondensationUnderfilled root canal therapy is how many mm's?>2mmA specialty of dentistry that deals primarily with the diagnosis, prevention and correction of malpositioned teeth and the jaws.OrthoDescribes the condition identified by the imperfect positioning of the teeth when the jaws are closed.MalocclusionDiagnostic records for orthodontic purposes may be divided into three major categories :1) Dental Casts & Occlusal Records
2) Photographic Records
3) Radiographic RecordsPurposes for Cephalometric Radiographs:1. they reveal details of skeletal and dental relationships that cannot be observed in other ways and
2. they allow a precise evaluation of treatment responseCephalometric tracing advantages:1. they reduce the amount of information on the film to a manageable level ( so they emphasise the relationship of selected points )
2. they can be better superimposed to show changes caused by growth or treatment.Purpose for cephalometric tracings:Measurments (lengths, angles, etc...) are made to aid in the diagnosis of the malocclusion and treatment planning.The plane demonstrated by a line through the orbitale and porionFrankfort PlaneThis angle represents the relative anterioposterior position of the maxilla to the cranial base
Protruded (or) RetrudedSNAThis angle represents the relative anterioposterior position of the mandible to the cranial base
Protruded (or) RetrudedSNBThis angle represents the relative anterioposterior position of the maxilla to the mandible and can be used to determine skeletal class.ANBThe angle between the long axis of the maxillary incisors and the long axis of the mandibular incisorsInter-Incisal AngleThe angle between the maxillary plane and the axis of the maxillary incisors (Maxillary Incisal InclinationThe angle between the mandibular plane and the axis of the mandibular incisors (Mandibular Incisal InclinationIf angles of SNA/SNB are greater than the mean the jaw is ?Anteriorly protrudedIf angles of SNA/SNB are lesser than the mean the jaw is ?Posteriorly retrudedIf the ANB angle is between 2-4˚The anteroposterior skeletal pattern is largely considered to be Class IIf the ANB angle is less than 2˚It is Class IIIIf the ANB angle is greater than 4˚Then it is considered to be Class IIThe inter-incisal angle shows?How deep the overbite isIf the inter-incisal angle is increased..?The patient has a deeper overbite.Working Length def?Length of tooth minus 1mm
