Unit 2: Chapter 7- Looking to the West (1680-1900): Terms: America Pathways to the Present 2005

Terms in this set (35)

Push pull factors

Events & Conditions that either force (push) people to move elsewhere or strongly attract (pull) them to do so - reasons for major migrations -

Pacific Railway Acts

Granted every alternate section of public land to the amount of five alternate sections per mile on each side of the RR - gov gave large land grants to the Union Pacific and Central Pacific RR - received

Morrill Land- Grant Act

Gave state gov millions of acres of western lands, which could raise money for colleges of agriculture and mechanical arts - congress passed it in 1862

Land Speculators

People who bought up large areas of land in the hope of selling it later for prophet

Signed by President Lincoln, 1862 - it was that the settlers could have 160 acres of land for a small fee if : were older then 21 or head of family, american citizen , built house a certain size , lived in it for at least 6 months a year and farmed land.

African American settlers who followed reconstruction - 50000 of them migrated west - Benjamin Pap Singleton was leader

vast grassland between the Mississippi river and rocky mountains - changed NA lives - buffalo was huge part on plains : gave food , clothing and shelter - horses were brought from Mexico in 1700s

Native American people who traveled from place to place following food sources instead of living in 1 location - used horses

federal lands set aside - Native Americans were restricted to them

Battle of Little Bighorn

June 1876, battle between George Custer and Siox - Siox won with 2,000 warriors killing 200 per hour - took place in Montana - Custer was demolished

Ritual where people joined hands and whirled around in a circle - was promised by prophet - popular with Teton Sioux - responded with violence (difference in culture)

Massacre at Wounded Knee

Last major episode of violence in the Indian wars - officer killed sitting Bull - 120 men , 230 women and children surrendered at creek, someone fired which lead soldiers to open fire killing 200.

Process by which one society becomes part of another, more dominant society by adopting its culture

Divided reservation land into individual plots - each NA received a plot - 160 acres - land holders were granted US citizenship subject to local state and federal laws

Settlers who staked claims on about 2 million acres

People who had seaked past the gov officials earlier to mark their claim

Technique using a shallow pan in which a miner scooped dirt and water, then swished it around - lighter particles washed away while the gold was left behind

Herding of thousands of cattle to railway centers across the plains - cowboys used it

Those who farmed claims under the Homestead act - first order was to build a home - built a dugout or soddie

Person living in a Sod Home structure with walls and roof made from blocks of sod - strips of grass with the thick roots and earth attached - cost less then 10 $

Water Conversation Technique : including planting crops that do not need so much water- keeping fields with no weeds and digging furrows so water can reach the plants root

operations controlled by large business, managed by pros and raising massive quantities of single cash crops.

Theory that was made by Historian Frederick Jackson Turner - 1893- claimed that the frontier had played a key role in forming the American character

Exaggerated or over simplified descriptions of reality

the amount of money in the national economy

a sustained drop in the price level

monetary policy

The management of the money supply and interest rates

bimetallic standard

currency that consisted of gold or silver coins or the united states treasury notes that could be traded in for gold or silver.

unlimited coining of silver dollars to increase the money supply

Bland-Allison Act

1878 act required the federal government to purchase coin more silver, increasing the money supply and causing inflation

Sherman Silver Purchase Act

1890 , increased the amount of silver the government was required to purchase every month

Established in 1867, organization helped farmers for cooperatives and pressured state legislators to regulate business on which farmers depended

Interstate Commerce Act

1887 law passes to regulate railroad and other interstate business

follower of the Peoples party. Formed in 1891 to advocate a larger money supply and other economic reforms

Cross of Gold Speech

William Jennings Bryan's 1896 address at the Democratic Convention; one of the most famous speeches in American History

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